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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 1642 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Narrative Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Review of Immune-Enhancing Effects of Poria Polysaccharides and Their Role in Gyeongokgo

Sung YY, Kim SH, Yuk HJ, et al.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2022)

DC maturation 63% promotion Dendritic Cell Activation
IFN-γ 2.4-fold increase Th1 Response Enhancement

Poria polysaccharides contribute critically to the immune-enhancing effects of Gyeongokgo, acting on both innate and adaptive immunity.

View Source 2022
Narrative Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Review of Immune-Enhancing Effects of Poria Polysaccharides and Their Role in Gyeongokgo

Sung YY, Kim SH, Yuk HJ, et al. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2022)
DC maturation 63% promotion Dendritic Cell Activation
IFN-γ 2.4-fold increase Th1 Response Enhancement

Summary

The immune-enhancing activity of beta-glucan and polysaccharide fractions isolated from Poria was evaluated, and their contribution to the overall Gyeongokgo formulation was analyzed. Poria polysaccharides promoted dendritic cell maturation and enhanced Th1 immune responses.

Key Conclusion

Poria polysaccharides contribute critically to the immune-enhancing effects of Gyeongokgo, acting on both innate and adaptive immunity.

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Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo on Fatigue and Dyspnea in Long COVID: A Pilot Study

Shin WC, Lee BH, Jeong HY, et al.

Frontiers in Pharmacology (2024)

45 subjects Participants
FSS 35% reduction Fatigue Improvement
mMRC 1.2 points reduction Dyspnea Improvement

Gyeongokgo may serve as a promising complementary treatment option for alleviating fatigue and dyspnea symptoms in Long COVID patients.

View Source 2024
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo on Fatigue and Dyspnea in Long COVID: A Pilot Study

Shin WC, Lee BH, Jeong HY, et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology (2024)
45 subjects Participants
FSS 35% reduction Fatigue Improvement
mMRC 1.2 points reduction Dyspnea Improvement

Summary

Forty-five patients diagnosed with Long COVID received Gyeongokgo for 8 weeks, with assessments using fatigue (FSS), dyspnea (mMRC), and pulmonary function tests. Fatigue and dyspnea scores significantly decreased, and DLCO improved.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo may serve as a promising complementary treatment option for alleviating fatigue and dyspnea symptoms in Long COVID patients.

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Cross-Sectional Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Development of Multi-Component Simultaneous Analytical Method for Quality Control of Gyeongokgo and Standardization Research

Jeon WJ, Seo CS, Ha H, et al.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (2023)

12 components Marker Components Analyzed
10 manufacturers Compared Products
R²>0.999 Method Accuracy

The developed multi-component simultaneous analytical method is useful for quality standardization and product consistency assurance of Gyeongokgo.

View Source 2023
Cross-Sectional Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Development of Multi-Component Simultaneous Analytical Method for Quality Control of Gyeongokgo and Standardization Research

Jeon WJ, Seo CS, Ha H, et al. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (2023)
12 components Marker Components Analyzed
10 manufacturers Compared Products
R²>0.999 Method Accuracy

Summary

An HPLC-DAD-MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously quantify 12 major marker components of Gyeongokgo. Comparative analysis of component contents in Gyeongokgo products from 10 manufacturers was performed.

Key Conclusion

The developed multi-component simultaneous analytical method is useful for quality standardization and product consistency assurance of Gyeongokgo.

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Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Analysis of the Contribution of Ginsenosides from Ginseng to the Tonic Effect of Gyeongokgo

Kim JH, Cho KH, Wang JH, et al.

Journal of Ginseng Research (2024)

40% Ginseng Contribution
Swimming time 58% increase Anti-Fatigue Effect
Synergy index 1.67 Herbal Interaction

Ginsenosides contribute approximately 40% of the anti-fatigue effect of Gyeongokgo, with synergy among other herbs being key.

View Source 2024
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Analysis of the Contribution of Ginsenosides from Ginseng to the Tonic Effect of Gyeongokgo

Kim JH, Cho KH, Wang JH, et al. Journal of Ginseng Research (2024)
40% Ginseng Contribution
Swimming time 58% increase Anti-Fatigue Effect
Synergy index 1.67 Herbal Interaction

Summary

An animal experiment compared modified formulations excluding only ginseng components with the original Gyeongokgo formulation. The contribution of ginseng was quantified through forced swimming tests and analysis of blood energy metabolism markers.

Key Conclusion

Ginsenosides contribute approximately 40% of the anti-fatigue effect of Gyeongokgo, with synergy among other herbs being key.

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Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pre-Post Comparison Study on the Improvement of Xerostomia by the Yin-Tonifying Herbal Medicine Gyeongokgo

Baek SH, Kim YS, Ryu BH, et al.

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation (2022)

35 subjects Participants
Salivary secretion 48% increase Salivary Improvement
VAS 3.2 points reduction Symptom Relief

The yin-tonifying action of Gyeongokgo can be effectively applied as a complementary treatment for radiation-induced xerostomia.

View Source 2022
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pre-Post Comparison Study on the Improvement of Xerostomia by the Yin-Tonifying Herbal Medicine Gyeongokgo

Baek SH, Kim YS, Ryu BH, et al. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation (2022)
35 subjects Participants
Salivary secretion 48% increase Salivary Improvement
VAS 3.2 points reduction Symptom Relief

Summary

Thirty-five head and neck cancer patients complaining of xerostomia after radiotherapy received Gyeongokgo for 12 weeks. Salivary secretion significantly increased and self-reported xerostomia symptoms improved.

Key Conclusion

The yin-tonifying action of Gyeongokgo can be effectively applied as a complementary treatment for radiation-induced xerostomia.

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Meta-Analysis Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Meta-Analysis of Anti-Stress Effects of Gyeongokgo and HPA Axis Regulation Mechanisms

Yun YJ, Koo BS, Lee JE, et al.

Stress (2025)

22 studies Studies Analyzed
Cortisol 29% reduction HPA Axis Regulation
ES=0.68 Overall Effect Size

Gyeongokgo demonstrates anti-stress effects through HPA axis regulation and can be utilized as a complementary treatment for stress-related conditions.

View Source 2025
Meta-Analysis Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Meta-Analysis of Anti-Stress Effects of Gyeongokgo and HPA Axis Regulation Mechanisms

Yun YJ, Koo BS, Lee JE, et al. Stress (2025)
22 studies Studies Analyzed
Cortisol 29% reduction HPA Axis Regulation
ES=0.68 Overall Effect Size

Summary

A meta-analysis of 22 clinical and preclinical studies investigating the stress response regulation effect of Gyeongokgo. Reduction in serum cortisol, ACTH regulation, and hippocampal neuroprotective effects were consistently reported.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo demonstrates anti-stress effects through HPA axis regulation and can be utilized as a complementary treatment for stress-related conditions.

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Cross-Sectional Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Cross-Sectional Survey on Differences in Gyeongokgo Administration Effects by Season

Nam HJ, Choi DJ, Park YC, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)

450 subjects Analyzed
Significant seasonal differences Major Finding
p=0.023 Statistical Significance

The effects of Gyeongokgo vary depending on the season of administration onset, suggesting the need for personalized timing selection.

View Source 2021
Cross-Sectional Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Cross-Sectional Survey on Differences in Gyeongokgo Administration Effects by Season

Nam HJ, Choi DJ, Park YC, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)
450 subjects Analyzed
Significant seasonal differences Major Finding
p=0.023 Statistical Significance

Summary

Medical records of 450 patients who took Gyeongokgo were analyzed to investigate differences in efficacy according to the season of administration onset. The autumn-winter group showed more pronounced respiratory infection prevention effects, while the spring-summer group showed greater fatigue improvement.

Key Conclusion

The effects of Gyeongokgo vary depending on the season of administration onset, suggesting the need for personalized timing selection.

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Case Study Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo Administration on Overall Health Recovery in ICU Discharge Convalescent Patients: A Case Series

Moon SK, Jung IC, Lim SC, et al.

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2023)

12 cases Number of Cases
Weight 3.2kg increase Nutritional Recovery
Lymphocytes 41% increase Immune Recovery

Gyeongokgo can be utilized as adjunctive therapy to promote recovery of general condition and immune function in ICU convalescents.

View Source 2023
Case Study Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo Administration on Overall Health Recovery in ICU Discharge Convalescent Patients: A Case Series

Moon SK, Jung IC, Lim SC, et al. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2023)
12 cases Number of Cases
Weight 3.2kg increase Nutritional Recovery
Lymphocytes 41% increase Immune Recovery

Summary

Twelve patients with general weakness and immune dysfunction after ICU discharge received Gyeongokgo for 8 weeks. Weight recovery, nutritional status improvement, and increased lymphocyte counts were observed.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo can be utilized as adjunctive therapy to promote recovery of general condition and immune function in ICU convalescents.

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RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Anti-Fatigue Synergy of Combined Gyeongokgo and Exercise Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwak MA, Song HS, Jang SH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

100 subjects Participants
Combined group fatigue 78% reduction Synergistic Effect
VO2max 12% increase Fitness Improvement

The combination of Gyeongokgo with regular exercise produces superior anti-fatigue effects compared to either intervention alone.

View Source 2024
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Anti-Fatigue Synergy of Combined Gyeongokgo and Exercise Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwak MA, Song HS, Jang SH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
100 subjects Participants
Combined group fatigue 78% reduction Synergistic Effect
VO2max 12% increase Fitness Improvement

Summary

One hundred adults with chronic fatigue were assigned to Gyeongokgo-only, exercise-only, Gyeongokgo+exercise combined, and control groups and observed for 12 weeks. The combined group showed the greatest improvements in fatigue scores, blood lactate concentration, and VO2max.

Key Conclusion

The combination of Gyeongokgo with regular exercise produces superior anti-fatigue effects compared to either intervention alone.

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Before-After Wellness / Restoration

Therapeutic Effect of Pulse-Diagnosis-Based Herbal Prescriptions on Hyperhidrosis and Autonomic Nervous System Regulation

Cho AR, Lee IS, Jang JG, et al.

Autonomic Neuroscience (2024)

60 subjects Participants
Sweat volume 38% reduction Symptom Improvement
LF/HF ratio normalization Autonomic Improvement

Pulse-diagnosis-based herbal prescriptions effectively improve hyperhidrosis symptoms through autonomic nervous system balance restoration.

View Source 2024
Before-After Wellness / Restoration

Therapeutic Effect of Pulse-Diagnosis-Based Herbal Prescriptions on Hyperhidrosis and Autonomic Nervous System Regulation

Cho AR, Lee IS, Jang JG, et al. Autonomic Neuroscience (2024)
60 subjects Participants
Sweat volume 38% reduction Symptom Improvement
LF/HF ratio normalization Autonomic Improvement

Summary

Sixty patients with hyperhidrosis received pulse-diagnosis-related herbal prescriptions, and sweat volume measurement and heart rate variability analysis were performed. Sympathetic hyperactivity significantly decreased and sweat volume reduced.

Key Conclusion

Pulse-diagnosis-based herbal prescriptions effectively improve hyperhidrosis symptoms through autonomic nervous system balance restoration.

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RCT Skin Conditions

Effect of Personalized Herbal Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Yoo SR, Oh HG, Kim NR, et al.

Journal of Dermatological Treatment (2023)

108 subjects Participants
SCORAD 47.8% reduction Skin Symptom Improvement
IgE normalization Immune Modulation

Personalized herbal medicine based on pattern differentiation is an effective treatment method for symptom relief and immune modulation in atopic dermatitis.

View Source 2023
RCT Skin Conditions

Effect of Personalized Herbal Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Yoo SR, Oh HG, Kim NR, et al. Journal of Dermatological Treatment (2023)
108 subjects Participants
SCORAD 47.8% reduction Skin Symptom Improvement
IgE normalization Immune Modulation

Summary

One hundred eight patients with moderate atopic dermatitis were divided into a personalized herbal medicine group and a placebo group and treated for 12 weeks. SCORAD scores significantly decreased in the herbal group, and serum IgE levels stabilized.

Key Conclusion

Personalized herbal medicine based on pattern differentiation is an effective treatment method for symptom relief and immune modulation in atopic dermatitis.

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RCT Women's Health / Infertility

Effect of Personalized Herbal Prescription Combined with Acupuncture on Dysmenorrhea Improvement

Jang JB, Kim DC, Park KM, et al.

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2023)

80 subjects Participants
VAS 62% reduction Pain Improvement
3 cycles Observation Period

The combination of personalized herbal medicine and acupuncture demonstrates synergistic effects in managing dysmenorrhea.

View Source 2023
RCT Women's Health / Infertility

Effect of Personalized Herbal Prescription Combined with Acupuncture on Dysmenorrhea Improvement

Jang JB, Kim DC, Park KM, et al. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2023)
80 subjects Participants
VAS 62% reduction Pain Improvement
3 cycles Observation Period

Summary

Eighty women with primary dysmenorrhea were divided into herbal medicine alone, acupuncture alone, herbal medicine+acupuncture combined, and analgesic control groups and observed for 3 menstrual cycles. The combined group showed the greatest reduction in VAS pain scores.

Key Conclusion

The combination of personalized herbal medicine and acupuncture demonstrates synergistic effects in managing dysmenorrhea.

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