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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 45 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
RCT Ankle / Foot Pain

Effect of acupuncture for chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial

Kim TH, Lee MS, Kim KH, Lim B, Lee JA

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2014)

68% Ankle Function Score Improvement
72% Proprioception Improvement

Acupuncture significantly improves joint stability and proprioception in patients with chronic ankle instability, and can serve as an effective complementary therapy alongside conventional rehabilitation.

View Source 2014
RCT Ankle / Foot Pain

Effect of acupuncture for chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial

Kim TH, Lee MS, Kim KH, Lim B, Lee JA Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2014)
68% Ankle Function Score Improvement
72% Proprioception Improvement

Summary

An RCT of 60 patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) comparing acupuncture vs. conservative care. The acupuncture group showed significant improvement in ankle function score (CAIT) and proprioception, with reduced recurrent sprain frequency.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture significantly improves joint stability and proprioception in patients with chronic ankle instability, and can serve as an effective complementary therapy alongside conventional rehabilitation.

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Meta-Analysis Ankle / Foot Pain

Systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture for plantar fasciitis

Clark RJ, Tighe M, Yoo J, Park SY

Acupuncture in Medicine (2019)

2.1 Points VAS Pain Reduction (out of 10)
85% Morning Pain Improvement

Acupuncture has a significant effect on pain reduction and functional improvement in plantar fasciitis, with particularly outstanding efficacy for first-step morning pain — making it a viable first-line treatment option.

View Source 2019
Meta-Analysis Ankle / Foot Pain

Systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture for plantar fasciitis

Clark RJ, Tighe M, Yoo J, Park SY Acupuncture in Medicine (2019)
2.1 Points VAS Pain Reduction (out of 10)
85% Morning Pain Improvement

Summary

A meta-analysis of 12 RCTs (total 892 patients) on plantar fasciitis. The acupuncture group showed significantly greater VAS pain reduction vs. conservative care, with notable effect on first-step morning pain.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture has a significant effect on pain reduction and functional improvement in plantar fasciitis, with particularly outstanding efficacy for first-step morning pain — making it a viable first-line treatment option.

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Cohort Study Ankle / Foot Pain

Effect of combined herbal medicine and acupuncture on chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective cohort study

Park JW, Kim DH, Choi YJ, et al.

Korean Journal of Acupuncture (2023)

88% VISA-A Improvement
68% Tendon Thickness Normalization
52 Patients Participants

Combined herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment shows significant effects on functional recovery and structural improvement in chronic Achilles tendinopathy, and can be recommended as long-term conservative care.

View Source 2023
Cohort Study Ankle / Foot Pain

Effect of combined herbal medicine and acupuncture on chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective cohort study

Park JW, Kim DH, Choi YJ, et al. Korean Journal of Acupuncture (2023)
88% VISA-A Improvement
68% Tendon Thickness Normalization
52 Patients Participants

Summary

A 10-week prospective cohort of 52 patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy receiving herbal medicine (Liver-Kidney tonifying) and acupuncture. VISA-A (Achilles function score) improved from 42 pre-treatment to 79 post-treatment, with 68% normalization of tendon thickness on ultrasound.

Key Conclusion

Combined herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment shows significant effects on functional recovery and structural improvement in chronic Achilles tendinopathy, and can be recommended as long-term conservative care.

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Cross-Sectional Ankle / Foot Pain

Survey on Patient Satisfaction and Preferences for Korean Medicine Treatment of Ankle Sprains

Shin MK, Jang IS, Park SW, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2025)

312 subjects Number of Participants
89% Treatment Satisfaction

Patient satisfaction with Korean medicine treatment for ankle sprains is high, and patient-centered care is important.

View Source 2025
Cross-Sectional Ankle / Foot Pain

Survey on Patient Satisfaction and Preferences for Korean Medicine Treatment of Ankle Sprains

Shin MK, Jang IS, Park SW, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2025)
312 subjects Number of Participants
89% Treatment Satisfaction

Summary

A survey of treatment satisfaction and preferred treatment methods was conducted in 312 patients who visited a Korean medicine clinic for ankle sprains. Overall satisfaction was 89%, and acupuncture and taping therapy were the most preferred treatments.

Key Conclusion

Patient satisfaction with Korean medicine treatment for ankle sprains is high, and patient-centered care is important.

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RCT Ankle / Foot Pain

Tendon Tissue Regeneration Effect of Acupuncture in Achilles Tendinitis: An Animal Study and Clinical Translation Study

Hwang YC, Lee JW, Kim CH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)

36 subjects Clinical Participants
44% Tendon Structure Improvement Rate

Acupuncture promotes tissue regeneration of the Achilles tendon and contributes to structural recovery.

View Source 2023
RCT Ankle / Foot Pain

Tendon Tissue Regeneration Effect of Acupuncture in Achilles Tendinitis: An Animal Study and Clinical Translation Study

Hwang YC, Lee JW, Kim CH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)
36 subjects Clinical Participants
44% Tendon Structure Improvement Rate

Summary

After confirming in animal experiments that acupuncture promotes collagen synthesis in the Achilles tendon, structural tendon changes were observed by ultrasound in 36 clinical patients. Normalization of tendon tissue was significantly faster in the acupuncture group.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture promotes tissue regeneration of the Achilles tendon and contributes to structural recovery.

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RCT Ankle / Foot Pain

Study on Transdermal Absorption and Effect of Topical Herbal Medicine for Plantar Fasciitis

Jung WS, Seo HS, Moon BS, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)

50 subjects Number of Participants
76% Pain Reduction Rate

Topical herbal medicine is an effective drug delivery method for the local treatment of plantar fasciitis.

View Source 2025
RCT Ankle / Foot Pain

Study on Transdermal Absorption and Effect of Topical Herbal Medicine for Plantar Fasciitis

Jung WS, Seo HS, Moon BS, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)
50 subjects Number of Participants
76% Pain Reduction Rate

Summary

The transdermal absorption rate and clinical effects of topical herbal medicine (patch type) were evaluated in 50 patients with plantar fasciitis. Local tissue concentration of active ingredients was significantly higher in the topical herbal medicine group, and pain reduction was also superior.

Key Conclusion

Topical herbal medicine is an effective drug delivery method for the local treatment of plantar fasciitis.

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RCT Ankle / Foot Pain

Balance Function Improvement of Combined Taping and Chuna Manipulation in Ankle Instability Patients

Yoo JH, Son MJ, Choi JB, et al.

Acupuncture in Medicine (2023)

60 subjects Number of Participants
67% Balance Improvement Rate

The combination of taping and chuna manipulation is effective in improving dynamic balance ability in ankle instability patients.

View Source 2023
RCT Ankle / Foot Pain

Balance Function Improvement of Combined Taping and Chuna Manipulation in Ankle Instability Patients

Yoo JH, Son MJ, Choi JB, et al. Acupuncture in Medicine (2023)
60 subjects Number of Participants
67% Balance Improvement Rate

Summary

Sixty patients with chronic ankle instability were assigned to a taping + chuna manipulation group or a taping monotherapy group. The combined treatment group showed significantly greater improvement in Star Excursion Balance Test scores.

Key Conclusion

The combination of taping and chuna manipulation is effective in improving dynamic balance ability in ankle instability patients.

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RCT Ankle / Foot Pain

Study on the Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Bee Venom Acupuncture in Ankle Osteoarthritis

Yoo MC, Kim SB, Han SY, et al.

Pain Medicine (2024)

60 subjects Number of Participants
p<0.05 Statistical Significance

Bee venom acupuncture alleviates the inflammatory response of ankle osteoarthritis through immunomodulatory mechanisms.

View Source 2024
RCT Ankle / Foot Pain

Study on the Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Bee Venom Acupuncture in Ankle Osteoarthritis

Yoo MC, Kim SB, Han SY, et al. Pain Medicine (2024)
60 subjects Number of Participants
p<0.05 Statistical Significance

Summary

Immune cell profiles before and after bee venom acupuncture treatment were analyzed in 40 patients with ankle osteoarthritis and 20 healthy controls. After bee venom acupuncture, the proportion of Treg cells increased and pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased.

Key Conclusion

Bee venom acupuncture alleviates the inflammatory response of ankle osteoarthritis through immunomodulatory mechanisms.

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Narrative Review Ankle / Foot Pain

Trends in Korean Medicine Treatment for Foot Pain: A Literature Review of 2015-2024

Bae MH, Won SJ, Cho AR, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2024)

156 studies Number of Reviewed Studies
10 years Analysis Period

Korean medicine research on foot pain is growing both quantitatively and qualitatively, and the level of evidence is improving.

View Source 2024
Narrative Review Ankle / Foot Pain

Trends in Korean Medicine Treatment for Foot Pain: A Literature Review of 2015-2024

Bae MH, Won SJ, Cho AR, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2024)
156 studies Number of Reviewed Studies
10 years Analysis Period

Summary

Trends in 156 Korean medicine studies on foot pain published from 2015 to 2024 were analyzed. Studies on pharmacopuncture and needle-knife therapy showed the most rapid growth, and multicenter and long-term follow-up studies were also on the rise.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine research on foot pain is growing both quantitatively and qualitatively, and the level of evidence is improving.

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Cohort Study Ankle / Foot Pain

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Early Korean Medicine Intervention After Ankle Sprain

Kim HG, Lee SG, Chae YB, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

200 subjects Number of Participants
23% Medical Cost Reduction

Early Korean medicine intervention for ankle sprains is a cost-effective treatment strategy.

View Source 2024
Cohort Study Ankle / Foot Pain

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Early Korean Medicine Intervention After Ankle Sprain

Kim HG, Lee SG, Chae YB, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
200 subjects Number of Participants
23% Medical Cost Reduction

Summary

Medical cost data of 200 patients with ankle sprains were analyzed to compare the cost-effectiveness of early Korean medicine intervention versus conventional treatment groups. Total medical costs were 23% lower in the Korean medicine intervention group, and return-to-work duration was shorter.

Key Conclusion

Early Korean medicine intervention for ankle sprains is a cost-effective treatment strategy.

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RCT Ankle / Foot Pain

Combined Effects of Korean Medicine Physical Therapy and Stretching Exercise in Plantar Fasciitis

Lim SH, Park JH, Yoon MH, et al.

Foot & Ankle International (2022)

84 subjects Number of Participants
88% Pain Improvement Rate

The combination of Korean medicine physical therapy and stretching is an effective treatment strategy for plantar fasciitis.

View Source 2022
RCT Ankle / Foot Pain

Combined Effects of Korean Medicine Physical Therapy and Stretching Exercise in Plantar Fasciitis

Lim SH, Park JH, Yoon MH, et al. Foot & Ankle International (2022)
84 subjects Number of Participants
88% Pain Improvement Rate

Summary

Eighty-four patients with plantar fasciitis were assigned to a Korean medicine physical therapy + stretching group or a stretching monotherapy group. The combined treatment group showed significantly superior pain reduction and functional score improvement after 8 weeks.

Key Conclusion

The combination of Korean medicine physical therapy and stretching is an effective treatment strategy for plantar fasciitis.

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Meta-Analysis Ankle / Foot Pain

Efficacy and Safety of Korean Medicine Treatment for Ankle Instability: A Meta-Analysis

Chung WS, Shin HK, Lee JS, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)

19 studies Number of Included Studies
1320 subjects Total Participants

Korean medicine treatment is an effective and safe approach for ankle instability.

View Source 2025
Meta-Analysis Ankle / Foot Pain

Efficacy and Safety of Korean Medicine Treatment for Ankle Instability: A Meta-Analysis

Chung WS, Shin HK, Lee JS, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)
19 studies Number of Included Studies
1320 subjects Total Participants

Summary

Data from 19 studies and 1,320 patients analyzing Korean medicine treatment for ankle instability were meta-analyzed. The Korean medicine treatment group demonstrated significant superiority in functional improvement and recurrence reduction compared to controls.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment is an effective and safe approach for ankle instability.

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