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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 35 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Personalized Herbal Prescriptions on Joint Symptoms and Inflammation Markers in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Yoo DH, Kim HA, Song YW, et al.

Clinical Rheumatology (2023)

85 subjects Participants
DAS28 1.2 points reduction Disease Activity Improvement
Morning stiffness 42% shortening Symptom Relief

Personalized herbal medicine improves joint symptoms and inflammatory markers as a safe complementary therapy to existing rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

View Source 2023
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Personalized Herbal Prescriptions on Joint Symptoms and Inflammation Markers in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Yoo DH, Kim HA, Song YW, et al. Clinical Rheumatology (2023)
85 subjects Participants
DAS28 1.2 points reduction Disease Activity Improvement
Morning stiffness 42% shortening Symptom Relief

Summary

Eighty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis received personalized herbal medicine added to existing DMARDs and were observed for 24 weeks. DAS28-CRP scores significantly decreased and morning stiffness duration reduced.

Key Conclusion

Personalized herbal medicine improves joint symptoms and inflammatory markers as a safe complementary therapy to existing rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

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Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Safety Profile of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Arthritis: A Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study

Hwang JH, Yim MH, Go HY, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021)

4.1% Adverse Event Rate
3280 subjects Analyzed
0.1% Serious Adverse Event Rate

Herbal medicine treatment for arthritis demonstrates high safety in a large patient population and remains safe for long-term use.

View Source 2021
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Safety Profile of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Arthritis: A Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study

Hwang JH, Yim MH, Go HY, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021)
4.1% Adverse Event Rate
3280 subjects Analyzed
0.1% Serious Adverse Event Rate

Summary

A retrospective analysis of medical records from 3,280 patients receiving herbal medicine treatment for arthritis investigated the incidence and types of adverse events. The overall adverse event rate was 4.1%, with most cases being mild gastrointestinal symptoms, while hepatic and renal toxicity occurred in only 0.1%.

Key Conclusion

Herbal medicine treatment for arthritis demonstrates high safety in a large patient population and remains safe for long-term use.

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RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Herbal Medicine and Glucosamine Administration for Osteoarthritis

Oh JM, Baek SH, Kwon OS, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)

79.2% Combination Group Improvement
96 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Combined herbal medicine and glucosamine administration demonstrates superior arthritis treatment efficacy over glucosamine monotherapy.

View Source 2023
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Herbal Medicine and Glucosamine Administration for Osteoarthritis

Oh JM, Baek SH, Kwon OS, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)
79.2% Combination Group Improvement
96 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Ninety-six osteoarthritis patients were divided into herbal medicine plus glucosamine (48) and glucosamine monotherapy (48) groups for 12 weeks of treatment. The combination group showed significantly greater improvements in WOMAC, pain VAS, and 6-minute walking distance.

Key Conclusion

Combined herbal medicine and glucosamine administration demonstrates superior arthritis treatment efficacy over glucosamine monotherapy.

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Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Animal Experiments and Preliminary Clinical Studies on Joint Cartilage Regeneration Promotion Effect of Gwanjeoldan

Cho MH, Shin AS, Lee YK, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022)

Cartilage Preservation Animal Study Result
20 subjects Clinical Participants
75% Symptom Improvement Rate

Gwanjeoldan demonstrated potential for cartilage regeneration promotion at animal and preliminary clinical levels.

View Source 2022
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Animal Experiments and Preliminary Clinical Studies on Joint Cartilage Regeneration Promotion Effect of Gwanjeoldan

Cho MH, Shin AS, Lee YK, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022)
Cartilage Preservation Animal Study Result
20 subjects Clinical Participants
75% Symptom Improvement Rate

Summary

After confirming cartilage regeneration effects of Gwanjeoldan extract in a rabbit osteoarthritis model, a preliminary clinical trial was conducted in 20 patients with osteoarthritis. Cartilage thickness preservation was confirmed in the animal model, and symptom improvement was also observed in patients.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan demonstrated potential for cartilage regeneration promotion at animal and preliminary clinical levels.

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Narrative Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Analysis of Korean Medicine Treatment for Joint Diseases: A Narrative Review

Bae JH, Hong SU, Kim EH, et al.

Phytomedicine (2025)

68 papers Analyzed Papers
WOMAC Most-Used Tool
8 types PRO Tool Types

Standardization and diversification of PRO measurement tools are needed in Korean medicine research on joint diseases.

View Source 2025
Narrative Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Analysis of Korean Medicine Treatment for Joint Diseases: A Narrative Review

Bae JH, Hong SU, Kim EH, et al. Phytomedicine (2025)
68 papers Analyzed Papers
WOMAC Most-Used Tool
8 types PRO Tool Types

Summary

Patient-reported outcome measurement tools (WOMAC, VAS, SF-36, KOOS, etc.) used in Korean medicine treatment for joint diseases were analyzed to summarize research trends. Analysis of 68 papers showed WOMAC was most frequently used, with the need for PRO tool standardization raised.

Key Conclusion

Standardization and diversification of PRO measurement tools are needed in Korean medicine research on joint diseases.

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Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Gwanjeoldan on Bone Density Maintenance and Osteoporotic Joint Pain Alleviation: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Yoo JE, Kim DH, Choi JB, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)

Bone Density Maintenance DXA Findings
55 subjects Participants
24 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan is effective in bone density maintenance and pain alleviation in patients with osteoporotic joint pain.

View Source 2023
Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Gwanjeoldan on Bone Density Maintenance and Osteoporotic Joint Pain Alleviation: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Yoo JE, Kim DH, Choi JB, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)
Bone Density Maintenance DXA Findings
55 subjects Participants
24 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Fifty-five patients with joint pain accompanied by osteoporosis received Gwanjeoldan for 24 weeks, with bone density, joint pain VAS, and FRAX scores evaluated. After treatment, bone density was maintained, with significant reductions in joint pain and fracture risk.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan is effective in bone density maintenance and pain alleviation in patients with osteoporotic joint pain.

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Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Moxibustion and Herbal Medicine for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Seo JC, Park SU, Cho CS, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2019)

OR 2.15 Effect Size
876 subjects Total Participants
11 papers Analyzed Papers

Combined moxibustion and herbal medicine demonstrates synergistic therapeutic effects in knee osteoarthritis.

View Source 2019
Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Moxibustion and Herbal Medicine for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Seo JC, Park SU, Cho CS, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2019)
OR 2.15 Effect Size
876 subjects Total Participants
11 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Eleven RCTs (876 subjects total) were analyzed to evaluate combined moxibustion and herbal medicine effects for knee osteoarthritis. The combination group showed superior pain and functional improvement compared to herbal medicine or moxibustion monotherapy.

Key Conclusion

Combined moxibustion and herbal medicine demonstrates synergistic therapeutic effects in knee osteoarthritis.

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Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Study on Gut-Joint Axis Modulation Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Arthritis

Kang WC, Lee DH, Chung YJ, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)

Gut Microbiota Major Mechanism
48 subjects Participants
r=0.68 Correlation

Herbal medicine treatment may improve arthritis symptoms through gut-joint axis modulation.

View Source 2024
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Study on Gut-Joint Axis Modulation Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Arthritis

Kang WC, Lee DH, Chung YJ, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)
Gut Microbiota Major Mechanism
48 subjects Participants
r=0.68 Correlation

Summary

Forty-eight rheumatoid arthritis patients received herbal medicine treatment for 12 weeks, with gut microbiota changes and joint symptoms tracked. Gut microbiota diversity increased after treatment, showing significant correlation with joint inflammation reduction.

Key Conclusion

Herbal medicine treatment may improve arthritis symptoms through gut-joint axis modulation.

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Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Case Report of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Wrist Brace Application in Wrist Arthritis Patients

Min WK, Song JH, Yun YJ, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)

62.5% Pain Reduction Rate
10 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Combined Gwanjeoldan and wrist brace helps functional recovery in wrist arthritis patients.

View Source 2021
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Case Report of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Wrist Brace Application in Wrist Arthritis Patients

Min WK, Song JH, Yun YJ, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)
62.5% Pain Reduction Rate
10 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Ten patients with wrist arthritis received combined Gwanjeoldan administration and wrist brace application for 8 weeks. Significant improvements were observed in grip strength, wrist ROM, and pain VAS after treatment.

Key Conclusion

Combined Gwanjeoldan and wrist brace helps functional recovery in wrist arthritis patients.

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Cross-Sectional Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Osteoarthritis: Based on Health Insurance Data

Jo JY, Hwang EH, Son CG, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)

19.4% Cost Reduction Rate
20,625 subjects Analyzed
6 years Analysis Period

Herbal medicine treatment is cost-effective in osteoarthritis and may reduce analgesic dependence.

View Source 2025
Cross-Sectional Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Osteoarthritis: Based on Health Insurance Data

Jo JY, Hwang EH, Son CG, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)
19.4% Cost Reduction Rate
20,625 subjects Analyzed
6 years Analysis Period

Summary

Health insurance claims data from 2019-2024 were used to compare medical costs and analgesic usage between herbal treatment (8,245) and conventional medication (12,380) groups in osteoarthritis patients. Annual total medical costs and analgesic prescription frequency were significantly lower in the herbal treatment group.

Key Conclusion

Herbal medicine treatment is cost-effective in osteoarthritis and may reduce analgesic dependence.

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Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Deer Antler and Achyranthes Extract for Joint Health: A Meta-analysis

Jung IC, Lee SR, Kim AR, et al.

Phytomedicine (2022)

66.8% Symptom Improvement Rate
948 subjects Total Participants
12 papers Analyzed Papers

Combined deer antler and Achyranthes extract is effective in maintaining joint health and alleviating arthritis symptoms.

View Source 2022
Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Deer Antler and Achyranthes Extract for Joint Health: A Meta-analysis

Jung IC, Lee SR, Kim AR, et al. Phytomedicine (2022)
66.8% Symptom Improvement Rate
948 subjects Total Participants
12 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Twelve clinical trials (948 subjects total) evaluating joint health effects of combined deer antler and Achyranthes extract were meta-analyzed. The combined extract group showed significant improvements in joint pain, stiffness, and functional scores.

Key Conclusion

Combined deer antler and Achyranthes extract is effective in maintaining joint health and alleviating arthritis symptoms.

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RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Herbal Medicine Rehabilitation Treatment After Knee Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Noh JH, Kim KS, Won JY, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

5.8 days ROM Recovery Reduction
90 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Combined herbal medicine rehabilitation is effective for early recovery after knee replacement surgery.

View Source 2024
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Herbal Medicine Rehabilitation Treatment After Knee Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Noh JH, Kim KS, Won JY, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
5.8 days ROM Recovery Reduction
90 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Ninety patients after knee replacement surgery were divided into herbal medicine plus rehabilitation (45) and rehabilitation monotherapy (45) groups for 8 weeks of treatment. Joint range of motion recovery, pain reduction, and edema resolution were significantly faster in the herbal combination group.

Key Conclusion

Combined herbal medicine rehabilitation is effective for early recovery after knee replacement surgery.

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