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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 1642 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Cross-Sectional Skin Conditions

Correlation Between Korean Medicine Pattern Differentiation and Psychological Stress in Skin Disease Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Go YH, Shin MJ, et al.

Psychodermatology (2024)

300 patients Analysis population
4 types Disease groups
r=0.58 Stress correlation

Korean medicine pattern differentiation in skin diseases is significantly associated with psychological stress, and mind-body integrated treatment is needed.

View Source 2024
Cross-Sectional Skin Conditions

Correlation Between Korean Medicine Pattern Differentiation and Psychological Stress in Skin Disease Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Go YH, Shin MJ, et al. Psychodermatology (2024)
300 patients Analysis population
4 types Disease groups
r=0.58 Stress correlation

Summary

A cross-sectional analysis of correlations between Korean medicine pattern types and psychological stress (PSS, DASS-21) in 300 patients with various skin diseases (atopy, psoriasis, acne, urticaria). Psychological stress was significantly higher in fire-heat and liver-stagnation patterns.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine pattern differentiation in skin diseases is significantly associated with psychological stress, and mind-body integrated treatment is needed.

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Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Systematic Review of Pulmonary Function Improvement in COPD Patients Treated with Gyeongokgo

Hwang JH, Kang MS, Li X, et al.

COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2023)

12 studies Included Studies
842 subjects Total Participants
FEV1 8.3% improvement Pulmonary Function Improvement

Adjunctive Gyeongokgo administration showed significant improvement in pulmonary function indices and exercise tolerance in COPD patients.

View Source 2023
Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Systematic Review of Pulmonary Function Improvement in COPD Patients Treated with Gyeongokgo

Hwang JH, Kang MS, Li X, et al. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2023)
12 studies Included Studies
842 subjects Total Participants
FEV1 8.3% improvement Pulmonary Function Improvement

Summary

A systematic analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials investigating the adjunctive effect of Gyeongokgo for COPD patients. FEV1/FVC ratio, 6-minute walk distance, and CAT scores were comprehensively evaluated.

Key Conclusion

Adjunctive Gyeongokgo administration showed significant improvement in pulmonary function indices and exercise tolerance in COPD patients.

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Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Role of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Rehmannia Extract in Gyeongokgo Efficacy

Yang SH, Moon PD, Choi IH, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022)

iNOS 58% inhibition Anti-Inflammatory Effect
DPPH IC50 23.4μg/mL Antioxidant Activity

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Rehmannia constitute one of the core mechanisms supporting the yin-tonifying efficacy of Gyeongokgo.

View Source 2022
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Role of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Rehmannia Extract in Gyeongokgo Efficacy

Yang SH, Moon PD, Choi IH, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022)
iNOS 58% inhibition Anti-Inflammatory Effect
DPPH IC50 23.4μg/mL Antioxidant Activity

Summary

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Rehmannia were evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Dose-dependent inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression and DPPH radical scavenging capacity were confirmed.

Key Conclusion

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Rehmannia constitute one of the core mechanisms supporting the yin-tonifying efficacy of Gyeongokgo.

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RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo on Academic Fatigue and Cognitive Function in Examinees: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Ahn YC, Son CG, Kim TH, et al.

Integrative Medicine Research (2024)

60 subjects Participants
Attention 22% improvement Cognitive Improvement
8 weeks Administration Period

Gyeongokgo may help reduce academic fatigue and maintain cognitive function in examinees.

View Source 2024
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo on Academic Fatigue and Cognitive Function in Examinees: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Ahn YC, Son CG, Kim TH, et al. Integrative Medicine Research (2024)
60 subjects Participants
Attention 22% improvement Cognitive Improvement
8 weeks Administration Period

Summary

Sixty third-year high school students preparing for the college entrance exam were assigned to a Gyeongokgo group or placebo group and observed for 8 weeks. The Gyeongokgo group showed significantly higher scores on attention (CPT) and memory tests.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo may help reduce academic fatigue and maintain cognitive function in examinees.

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Cross-Sectional Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pharmacokinetic Properties and Bioavailability Enhancement of Honey-Based Herbal Formulations: Focus on Gyeongokgo

Chung SY, Kang BK, Watanabe M, et al.

Phytomedicine (2023)

Cmax 47% increase Peak Plasma Concentration Enhancement
AUC 1.8-fold Bioavailability Increase

Honey serves not only as an excipient in Gyeongokgo but also functionally enhances the bioavailability of major active components.

View Source 2023
Cross-Sectional Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pharmacokinetic Properties and Bioavailability Enhancement of Honey-Based Herbal Formulations: Focus on Gyeongokgo

Chung SY, Kang BK, Watanabe M, et al. Phytomedicine (2023)
Cmax 47% increase Peak Plasma Concentration Enhancement
AUC 1.8-fold Bioavailability Increase

Summary

The pharmacokinetic role of honey in Gyeongokgo formulation was analyzed. Intestinal absorption rates of ginseng saponins and Rehmannia iridoid glycosides were significantly increased when combined with honey.

Key Conclusion

Honey serves not only as an excipient in Gyeongokgo but also functionally enhances the bioavailability of major active components.

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Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Animal Study on the Protective Effect of Gyeongokgo Against Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Injury

Shin NR, Ko JW, Park JH, et al.

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (2024)

Lung inflammation 52% reduction Anti-Inflammatory Effect
SOD activity 38% increase Antioxidant Effect

Gyeongokgo exerts protective effects against particulate matter-induced lung injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.

View Source 2024
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Animal Study on the Protective Effect of Gyeongokgo Against Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Injury

Shin NR, Ko JW, Park JH, et al. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (2024)
Lung inflammation 52% reduction Anti-Inflammatory Effect
SOD activity 38% increase Antioxidant Effect

Summary

The effect of Gyeongokgo administration on lung tissue inflammation and oxidative stress was investigated in a PM2.5-exposed mouse model. Reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and increased antioxidant enzyme activity in lung tissue were confirmed.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo exerts protective effects against particulate matter-induced lung injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.

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Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effects of Gyeongokgo on Gut Microbiota Diversity and Immune Homeostasis

Go HY, Lee JA, Park S, et al.

Gut Microbes (2025)

40 subjects Participants
Beneficial bacteria 34% increase Microbial Diversity
sIgA 27% increase Gut Immunity Improvement

Gyeongokgo may contribute to immune homeostasis maintenance through increased gut microbial diversity.

View Source 2025
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effects of Gyeongokgo on Gut Microbiota Diversity and Immune Homeostasis

Go HY, Lee JA, Park S, et al. Gut Microbes (2025)
40 subjects Participants
Beneficial bacteria 34% increase Microbial Diversity
sIgA 27% increase Gut Immunity Improvement

Summary

Forty healthy adults received Gyeongokgo for 12 weeks, and gut microbiota composition changes were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium proportions increased and intestinal immunity-related secretory IgA elevated.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo may contribute to immune homeostasis maintenance through increased gut microbial diversity.

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RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Preventive Effect of Gyeongokgo on Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Kim KS, Hong SH, Yoo JH, et al.

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (2023)

180 subjects Participants
Infection episodes 45% reduction Preventive Effect
Antibiotic use 32% reduction Antibiotic Reduction

Gyeongokgo can be utilized as a safe and effective complementary treatment for the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in children.

View Source 2023
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Preventive Effect of Gyeongokgo on Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Kim KS, Hong SH, Yoo JH, et al. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (2023)
180 subjects Participants
Infection episodes 45% reduction Preventive Effect
Antibiotic use 32% reduction Antibiotic Reduction

Summary

One hundred eighty children with recurrent respiratory infections were divided into a Gyeongokgo group and a control group and observed for 6 months. The Gyeongokgo group showed a significant reduction in respiratory infection episodes and decreased antibiotic use days.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo can be utilized as a safe and effective complementary treatment for the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in children.

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Narrative Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Literature Review on the Tonic Effect of Gyeongokgo and Modern Pharmacological Interpretation

Jang MK, Yoo HR, Oh SJ, et al.

Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine (2022)

23 sources Classical Literature
38 studies Modern Research
6 pharmacological activities Validated Effects

The traditional tonic efficacy of Gyeongokgo is largely supported by modern scientific evidence.

View Source 2022
Narrative Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Literature Review on the Tonic Effect of Gyeongokgo and Modern Pharmacological Interpretation

Jang MK, Yoo HR, Oh SJ, et al. Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine (2022)
23 sources Classical Literature
38 studies Modern Research
6 pharmacological activities Validated Effects

Summary

Records related to the tonic effect of Gyeongokgo were collected from classical Korean medicine texts including Donguibogam and contrasted with modern pharmacological research. The traditional yin-tonifying and qi-supplementing efficacy was confirmed to be supported by modern immunological and anti-fatigue research.

Key Conclusion

The traditional tonic efficacy of Gyeongokgo is largely supported by modern scientific evidence.

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Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Adjunctive Gyeongokgo Therapy in Mitigating Chemotherapy Side Effects in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

Choi SM, Lyu YS, Kim AR, et al.

Integrative Cancer Therapies (2024)

15 studies Included Studies
1,089 subjects Total Participants
Fatigue 38% reduction Major Effect

Adjunctive Gyeongokgo therapy may contribute to alleviating chemotherapy side effects and improving the overall condition of patients.

View Source 2024
Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Adjunctive Gyeongokgo Therapy in Mitigating Chemotherapy Side Effects in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

Choi SM, Lyu YS, Kim AR, et al. Integrative Cancer Therapies (2024)
15 studies Included Studies
1,089 subjects Total Participants
Fatigue 38% reduction Major Effect

Summary

A systematic analysis of 15 studies investigating the side-effect mitigation effect of Gyeongokgo in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Reduction of side effects such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and anorexia, along with stabilization of blood cell counts, was reported.

Key Conclusion

Adjunctive Gyeongokgo therapy may contribute to alleviating chemotherapy side effects and improving the overall condition of patients.

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RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Sarcopenia Prevention Effect of the Korean Traditional Tonic Formula Gyeongokgo in the Elderly

Lee YK, Park DI, Min IK, et al.

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (2025)

110 subjects Participants
Skeletal muscle index 5.8% increase Muscle Mass Improvement
16 weeks Administration Period

Gyeongokgo holds potential efficacy in preventing sarcopenia and maintaining physical function in the elderly.

View Source 2025
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Sarcopenia Prevention Effect of the Korean Traditional Tonic Formula Gyeongokgo in the Elderly

Lee YK, Park DI, Min IK, et al. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (2025)
110 subjects Participants
Skeletal muscle index 5.8% increase Muscle Mass Improvement
16 weeks Administration Period

Summary

One hundred ten adults aged 65 or older at risk of sarcopenia received Gyeongokgo for 16 weeks, and muscle mass, grip strength, and gait speed were measured. The Gyeongokgo group showed significant increases in skeletal muscle index and grip strength.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo holds potential efficacy in preventing sarcopenia and maintaining physical function in the elderly.

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RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo on Mucus Secretion Regulation and Cough Symptoms in Chronic Bronchitis Patients

Noh JH, Kwon OS, Yamamoto S, et al.

Respiratory Medicine (2023)

75 subjects Participants
Sputum volume 41% reduction Mucus Regulation
Cough 52% reduction Symptom Relief

Gyeongokgo is effective as an adjunctive treatment for chronic bronchitis, regulating mucus hypersecretion and alleviating cough symptoms.

View Source 2023
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo on Mucus Secretion Regulation and Cough Symptoms in Chronic Bronchitis Patients

Noh JH, Kwon OS, Yamamoto S, et al. Respiratory Medicine (2023)
75 subjects Participants
Sputum volume 41% reduction Mucus Regulation
Cough 52% reduction Symptom Relief

Summary

Seventy-five patients with chronic bronchitis received Gyeongokgo as an adjunct to existing treatment for 12 weeks. Sputum volume significantly decreased, and cough frequency and severity improved.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo is effective as an adjunctive treatment for chronic bronchitis, regulating mucus hypersecretion and alleviating cough symptoms.

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