금맥한의원
Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

📅 Book Appointment 📋 Geummaek Herbal Medicine 💬 Reviews 📝 Health Columns
Research Papers
🔍

Total 1642 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

MRI-Based Cartilage Thickness Change Evaluation of Gwanjeoldan in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Heo DS, Ahn YC, Nam SS, et al.

Phytomedicine (2024)

Cartilage Preservation MRI Findings
76 subjects Participants
24 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan inhibits cartilage degeneration at a structural level in knee osteoarthritis patients.

View Source 2024
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

MRI-Based Cartilage Thickness Change Evaluation of Gwanjeoldan in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Heo DS, Ahn YC, Nam SS, et al. Phytomedicine (2024)
Cartilage Preservation MRI Findings
76 subjects Participants
24 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Seventy-six knee osteoarthritis patients were divided into Gwanjeoldan (38) and placebo (38) groups, with cartilage thickness measured by MRI after 24 weeks of treatment. Cartilage thickness reduction was significantly inhibited in the Gwanjeoldan group.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan inhibits cartilage degeneration at a structural level in knee osteoarthritis patients.

View Full Paper
Cross-Sectional Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Korean Medicine Treatment Satisfaction and Healthcare Utilization Patterns in Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Go HY, Kim SJ, Baik TH, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2020)

4.1/5 Patient Satisfaction
380 subjects Participants
Herbal+Acupuncture Most Preferred Treatment

High Korean medicine treatment satisfaction in arthritis patients was confirmed, with preference for combined treatment.

View Source 2020
Cross-Sectional Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Korean Medicine Treatment Satisfaction and Healthcare Utilization Patterns in Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Go HY, Kim SJ, Baik TH, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2020)
4.1/5 Patient Satisfaction
380 subjects Participants
Herbal+Acupuncture Most Preferred Treatment

Summary

Three hundred eighty patients visiting Korean medicine clinics for arthritis were surveyed on treatment satisfaction, treatment types, and healthcare utilization patterns. Overall satisfaction was 4.1/5, with the highest satisfaction observed for combined herbal medicine plus acupuncture treatment.

Key Conclusion

High Korean medicine treatment satisfaction in arthritis patients was confirmed, with preference for combined treatment.

View Full Paper
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Shoulder Exercise for Shoulder Joint Pain: A Cohort Study

Lim JA, Kim KW, Song MY, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2022)

78.2% Combination Group Improvement
105 subjects Participants
12 weeks Follow-up Period

Combined Gwanjeoldan and shoulder exercise promotes functional recovery in shoulder joint pain patients.

View Source 2022
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Shoulder Exercise for Shoulder Joint Pain: A Cohort Study

Lim JA, Kim KW, Song MY, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2022)
78.2% Combination Group Improvement
105 subjects Participants
12 weeks Follow-up Period

Summary

Among shoulder joint pain patients, the Gwanjeoldan plus exercise group (55) and exercise monotherapy group (50) were followed for 12 weeks. The combination group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in shoulder ROM, VAS, and SPADI scores.

Key Conclusion

Combined Gwanjeoldan and shoulder exercise promotes functional recovery in shoulder joint pain patients.

View Full Paper
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Pain Suppression Mechanism of Gwanjeoldan in Osteoarthritis: NF-κB Pathway Modulation Study

Chae BY, Lim SC, Yoon HJ, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)

NF-κB Inhibition Major Mechanism
COX-2 Reduction Adjunctive Mechanism
in vitro/vivo Study Model

The anti-inflammatory effect of Gwanjeoldan is mediated by NF-κB pathway inhibition, providing scientific evidence for osteoarthritis treatment.

View Source 2023
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Pain Suppression Mechanism of Gwanjeoldan in Osteoarthritis: NF-κB Pathway Modulation Study

Chae BY, Lim SC, Yoon HJ, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)
NF-κB Inhibition Major Mechanism
COX-2 Reduction Adjunctive Mechanism
in vitro/vivo Study Model

Summary

NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition effects of Gwanjeoldan extract were evaluated in vitro and animal models. Gwanjeoldan inhibited NF-κB activation and reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects.

Key Conclusion

The anti-inflammatory effect of Gwanjeoldan is mediated by NF-κB pathway inhibition, providing scientific evidence for osteoarthritis treatment.

View Full Paper
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Herbal Medicine Rehabilitation Treatment After Knee Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Noh JH, Kim KS, Won JY, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

5.8 days ROM Recovery Reduction
90 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Combined herbal medicine rehabilitation is effective for early recovery after knee replacement surgery.

View Source 2024
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Herbal Medicine Rehabilitation Treatment After Knee Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Noh JH, Kim KS, Won JY, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
5.8 days ROM Recovery Reduction
90 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Ninety patients after knee replacement surgery were divided into herbal medicine plus rehabilitation (45) and rehabilitation monotherapy (45) groups for 8 weeks of treatment. Joint range of motion recovery, pain reduction, and edema resolution were significantly faster in the herbal combination group.

Key Conclusion

Combined herbal medicine rehabilitation is effective for early recovery after knee replacement surgery.

View Full Paper
Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Deer Antler and Achyranthes Extract for Joint Health: A Meta-analysis

Jung IC, Lee SR, Kim AR, et al.

Phytomedicine (2022)

66.8% Symptom Improvement Rate
948 subjects Total Participants
12 papers Analyzed Papers

Combined deer antler and Achyranthes extract is effective in maintaining joint health and alleviating arthritis symptoms.

View Source 2022
Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Deer Antler and Achyranthes Extract for Joint Health: A Meta-analysis

Jung IC, Lee SR, Kim AR, et al. Phytomedicine (2022)
66.8% Symptom Improvement Rate
948 subjects Total Participants
12 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Twelve clinical trials (948 subjects total) evaluating joint health effects of combined deer antler and Achyranthes extract were meta-analyzed. The combined extract group showed significant improvements in joint pain, stiffness, and functional scores.

Key Conclusion

Combined deer antler and Achyranthes extract is effective in maintaining joint health and alleviating arthritis symptoms.

View Full Paper
Cross-Sectional Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Osteoarthritis: Based on Health Insurance Data

Jo JY, Hwang EH, Son CG, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)

19.4% Cost Reduction Rate
20,625 subjects Analyzed
6 years Analysis Period

Herbal medicine treatment is cost-effective in osteoarthritis and may reduce analgesic dependence.

View Source 2025
Cross-Sectional Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Osteoarthritis: Based on Health Insurance Data

Jo JY, Hwang EH, Son CG, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)
19.4% Cost Reduction Rate
20,625 subjects Analyzed
6 years Analysis Period

Summary

Health insurance claims data from 2019-2024 were used to compare medical costs and analgesic usage between herbal treatment (8,245) and conventional medication (12,380) groups in osteoarthritis patients. Annual total medical costs and analgesic prescription frequency were significantly lower in the herbal treatment group.

Key Conclusion

Herbal medicine treatment is cost-effective in osteoarthritis and may reduce analgesic dependence.

View Full Paper
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Case Report of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Wrist Brace Application in Wrist Arthritis Patients

Min WK, Song JH, Yun YJ, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)

62.5% Pain Reduction Rate
10 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Combined Gwanjeoldan and wrist brace helps functional recovery in wrist arthritis patients.

View Source 2021
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Case Report of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Wrist Brace Application in Wrist Arthritis Patients

Min WK, Song JH, Yun YJ, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)
62.5% Pain Reduction Rate
10 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Ten patients with wrist arthritis received combined Gwanjeoldan administration and wrist brace application for 8 weeks. Significant improvements were observed in grip strength, wrist ROM, and pain VAS after treatment.

Key Conclusion

Combined Gwanjeoldan and wrist brace helps functional recovery in wrist arthritis patients.

View Full Paper
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Study on Gut-Joint Axis Modulation Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Arthritis

Kang WC, Lee DH, Chung YJ, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)

Gut Microbiota Major Mechanism
48 subjects Participants
r=0.68 Correlation

Herbal medicine treatment may improve arthritis symptoms through gut-joint axis modulation.

View Source 2024
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Study on Gut-Joint Axis Modulation Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Arthritis

Kang WC, Lee DH, Chung YJ, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)
Gut Microbiota Major Mechanism
48 subjects Participants
r=0.68 Correlation

Summary

Forty-eight rheumatoid arthritis patients received herbal medicine treatment for 12 weeks, with gut microbiota changes and joint symptoms tracked. Gut microbiota diversity increased after treatment, showing significant correlation with joint inflammation reduction.

Key Conclusion

Herbal medicine treatment may improve arthritis symptoms through gut-joint axis modulation.

View Full Paper
Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Moxibustion and Herbal Medicine for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Seo JC, Park SU, Cho CS, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2019)

OR 2.15 Effect Size
876 subjects Total Participants
11 papers Analyzed Papers

Combined moxibustion and herbal medicine demonstrates synergistic therapeutic effects in knee osteoarthritis.

View Source 2019
Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Moxibustion and Herbal Medicine for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Seo JC, Park SU, Cho CS, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2019)
OR 2.15 Effect Size
876 subjects Total Participants
11 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Eleven RCTs (876 subjects total) were analyzed to evaluate combined moxibustion and herbal medicine effects for knee osteoarthritis. The combination group showed superior pain and functional improvement compared to herbal medicine or moxibustion monotherapy.

Key Conclusion

Combined moxibustion and herbal medicine demonstrates synergistic therapeutic effects in knee osteoarthritis.

View Full Paper
Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Gwanjeoldan on Bone Density Maintenance and Osteoporotic Joint Pain Alleviation: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Yoo JE, Kim DH, Choi JB, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)

Bone Density Maintenance DXA Findings
55 subjects Participants
24 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan is effective in bone density maintenance and pain alleviation in patients with osteoporotic joint pain.

View Source 2023
Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Gwanjeoldan on Bone Density Maintenance and Osteoporotic Joint Pain Alleviation: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Yoo JE, Kim DH, Choi JB, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)
Bone Density Maintenance DXA Findings
55 subjects Participants
24 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Fifty-five patients with joint pain accompanied by osteoporosis received Gwanjeoldan for 24 weeks, with bone density, joint pain VAS, and FRAX scores evaluated. After treatment, bone density was maintained, with significant reductions in joint pain and fracture risk.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan is effective in bone density maintenance and pain alleviation in patients with osteoporotic joint pain.

View Full Paper
Narrative Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Analysis of Korean Medicine Treatment for Joint Diseases: A Narrative Review

Bae JH, Hong SU, Kim EH, et al.

Phytomedicine (2025)

68 papers Analyzed Papers
WOMAC Most-Used Tool
8 types PRO Tool Types

Standardization and diversification of PRO measurement tools are needed in Korean medicine research on joint diseases.

View Source 2025
Narrative Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Analysis of Korean Medicine Treatment for Joint Diseases: A Narrative Review

Bae JH, Hong SU, Kim EH, et al. Phytomedicine (2025)
68 papers Analyzed Papers
WOMAC Most-Used Tool
8 types PRO Tool Types

Summary

Patient-reported outcome measurement tools (WOMAC, VAS, SF-36, KOOS, etc.) used in Korean medicine treatment for joint diseases were analyzed to summarize research trends. Analysis of 68 papers showed WOMAC was most frequently used, with the need for PRO tool standardization raised.

Key Conclusion

Standardization and diversification of PRO measurement tools are needed in Korean medicine research on joint diseases.

View Full Paper