금맥한의원
Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

📅 Book Appointment 📋 Geummaek Herbal Medicine 💬 Reviews 📝 Health Columns
Research Papers
🔍

Total 1642 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Animal Experiments and Preliminary Clinical Studies on Joint Cartilage Regeneration Promotion Effect of Gwanjeoldan

Cho MH, Shin AS, Lee YK, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022)

Cartilage Preservation Animal Study Result
20 subjects Clinical Participants
75% Symptom Improvement Rate

Gwanjeoldan demonstrated potential for cartilage regeneration promotion at animal and preliminary clinical levels.

View Source 2022
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Animal Experiments and Preliminary Clinical Studies on Joint Cartilage Regeneration Promotion Effect of Gwanjeoldan

Cho MH, Shin AS, Lee YK, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022)
Cartilage Preservation Animal Study Result
20 subjects Clinical Participants
75% Symptom Improvement Rate

Summary

After confirming cartilage regeneration effects of Gwanjeoldan extract in a rabbit osteoarthritis model, a preliminary clinical trial was conducted in 20 patients with osteoarthritis. Cartilage thickness preservation was confirmed in the animal model, and symptom improvement was also observed in patients.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan demonstrated potential for cartilage regeneration promotion at animal and preliminary clinical levels.

View Full Paper
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Herbal Medicine and Glucosamine Administration for Osteoarthritis

Oh JM, Baek SH, Kwon OS, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)

79.2% Combination Group Improvement
96 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Combined herbal medicine and glucosamine administration demonstrates superior arthritis treatment efficacy over glucosamine monotherapy.

View Source 2023
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Herbal Medicine and Glucosamine Administration for Osteoarthritis

Oh JM, Baek SH, Kwon OS, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)
79.2% Combination Group Improvement
96 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Ninety-six osteoarthritis patients were divided into herbal medicine plus glucosamine (48) and glucosamine monotherapy (48) groups for 12 weeks of treatment. The combination group showed significantly greater improvements in WOMAC, pain VAS, and 6-minute walking distance.

Key Conclusion

Combined herbal medicine and glucosamine administration demonstrates superior arthritis treatment efficacy over glucosamine monotherapy.

View Full Paper
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Safety Profile of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Arthritis: A Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study

Hwang JH, Yim MH, Go HY, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021)

4.1% Adverse Event Rate
3280 subjects Analyzed
0.1% Serious Adverse Event Rate

Herbal medicine treatment for arthritis demonstrates high safety in a large patient population and remains safe for long-term use.

View Source 2021
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Safety Profile of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Arthritis: A Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study

Hwang JH, Yim MH, Go HY, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021)
4.1% Adverse Event Rate
3280 subjects Analyzed
0.1% Serious Adverse Event Rate

Summary

A retrospective analysis of medical records from 3,280 patients receiving herbal medicine treatment for arthritis investigated the incidence and types of adverse events. The overall adverse event rate was 4.1%, with most cases being mild gastrointestinal symptoms, while hepatic and renal toxicity occurred in only 0.1%.

Key Conclusion

Herbal medicine treatment for arthritis demonstrates high safety in a large patient population and remains safe for long-term use.

View Full Paper
RCT Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸)

Therapeutic Effect of Hyangseongpajeok-hwan on Occupational Voice Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kim SH, Yun YG, Lee JH, et al.

Journal of Voice (2023)

48% Voice Handicap Index Reduction
4.2 seconds Phonation Duration Extension
6 weeks Treatment Duration

Hyangseongpajeok-hwan demonstrates significant improvement in both subjective symptoms and objective vocal cord function in occupational voice disorders, proving effective for voice management in occupations involving heavy voice use.

View Source 2023
RCT Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸)

Therapeutic Effect of Hyangseongpajeok-hwan on Occupational Voice Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kim SH, Yun YG, Lee JH, et al. Journal of Voice (2023)
48% Voice Handicap Index Reduction
4.2 seconds Phonation Duration Extension
6 weeks Treatment Duration

Summary

A randomized controlled trial comparing 6 weeks of Hyangseongpajeok-hwan administration with placebo in 82 patients with occupational voice disorders (teachers, lecturers). The Hyangseongpajeok-hwan group showed an average 48% reduction in VHI (Voice Handicap Index), with significant improvement in vocal cord mucosal waves on laryngeal stroboscopy. Maximum phonation time (MPT) was extended by an average of 4.2 seconds.

Key Conclusion

Hyangseongpajeok-hwan demonstrates significant improvement in both subjective symptoms and objective vocal cord function in occupational voice disorders, proving effective for voice management in occupations involving heavy voice use.

View Full Paper
Systematic Review Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸)

Systematic Review on Vocal Cord Mucosal Protection and Voice Recovery Effects of Herbal Medicine

Chen YF, Wang SQ, Liu H, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2022)

39% Voice Quality Improvement
16 studies Studies Analyzed
1,248 subjects Total Participants

Lung-moistening throat-soothing herbal medicine demonstrates significant effects in vocal cord mucosal protection and voice recovery and is recommended as a conservative treatment option for chronic laryngitis and early vocal cord nodules.

View Source 2022
Systematic Review Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸)

Systematic Review on Vocal Cord Mucosal Protection and Voice Recovery Effects of Herbal Medicine

Chen YF, Wang SQ, Liu H, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2022)
39% Voice Quality Improvement
16 studies Studies Analyzed
1,248 subjects Total Participants

Summary

A systematic review of 16 clinical studies (total 1,248 subjects) evaluating the therapeutic effect of herbal medicine for vocal cord disorders and voice impairments. The lung-moistening throat-soothing herbal medicine group showed an average 39% improvement in voice quality index (GRBAS scale) compared to controls, with significantly higher reduction rates in vocal cord mucosal edema. Effects were particularly pronounced in chronic laryngitis and early vocal cord nodules.

Key Conclusion

Lung-moistening throat-soothing herbal medicine demonstrates significant effects in vocal cord mucosal protection and voice recovery and is recommended as a conservative treatment option for chronic laryngitis and early vocal cord nodules.

View Full Paper
Before-After Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸)

Effect of Korean Medicine Combined Treatment for Vocal Fatigue Recovery in Singers and Vocalists: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Park HJ, Cho SW, Lee MK, et al.

Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology (2023)

52% Vocal Fatigue Reduction
3 semitones Vocal Range Expansion
46 subjects Study Participants

Korean medicine combined treatment is effective for vocal fatigue recovery and acoustic parameter normalization, scientifically validating its utility for voice management in professional vocalists.

View Source 2023
Before-After Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸)

Effect of Korean Medicine Combined Treatment for Vocal Fatigue Recovery in Singers and Vocalists: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Park HJ, Cho SW, Lee MK, et al. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology (2023)
52% Vocal Fatigue Reduction
3 semitones Vocal Range Expansion
46 subjects Study Participants

Summary

A pre-post comparison study combining Hyangseongpajeok-hwan and acupuncture for 4 weeks in 46 singers and vocalists complaining of post-performance vocal fatigue. Subjective vocal fatigue (VFI) decreased 52%, and acoustic analysis showed jitter and shimmer values returning to normal range. Vocal cord contact rate during high-pitch phonation improved, with vocal range expanding by an average of 3 semitones.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine combined treatment is effective for vocal fatigue recovery and acoustic parameter normalization, scientifically validating its utility for voice management in professional vocalists.

View Full Paper
RCT Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Chronic Fatigue and Cognitive Function Improvement Effect of Gongjindan: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Park SJ, Kim SY, Lee BH, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)

47% Fatigue Reduction
3.2 points Cognitive Score Improvement
8 weeks Treatment Period

Gongjindan simultaneously improves chronic fatigue and cognitive decline, with HPA axis normalization-mediated stress hormone modulation effects scientifically confirmed.

View Source 2023
RCT Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Chronic Fatigue and Cognitive Function Improvement Effect of Gongjindan: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Park SJ, Kim SY, Lee BH, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)
47% Fatigue Reduction
3.2 points Cognitive Score Improvement
8 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Eighty-eight adults with chronic fatigue were compared in a double-blind randomized controlled trial between Gongjindan and placebo groups over 8 weeks. The Gongjindan group demonstrated an average 47% reduction in FSS (Fatigue Severity Scale), with MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) scores improving by 3.2 points. Serum cortisol levels recovered to normal range, confirming HPA axis modulation effects.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan simultaneously improves chronic fatigue and cognitive decline, with HPA axis normalization-mediated stress hormone modulation effects scientifically confirmed.

View Full Paper
Systematic Review Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Synergistic Effects of Gongjindan Constituents: A Systematic Review

Kim HJ, Choi MK, Lee JH, et al.

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2022)

62% Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Increase
23 studies Analyzed Studies
4 herbs Synergistic Constituents

Combined use of Gongjindan constituents demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory synergistic effects compared to single use, providing pharmacological evidence for the systemic tonic effects of Gongjindan.

View Source 2022
Systematic Review Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Synergistic Effects of Gongjindan Constituents: A Systematic Review

Kim HJ, Choi MK, Lee JH, et al. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2022)
62% Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Increase
23 studies Analyzed Studies
4 herbs Synergistic Constituents

Summary

Twenty-three basic and clinical studies evaluating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Gongjindan's four major constituents (deer antler, musk, Angelica, Cornus officinalis) were systematically reviewed. When pantocrine from deer antler combined with muscone from musk, SOD (antioxidant enzyme) activity increased by 62% compared to single use, with significant reduction in inflammatory markers including TNF-α. Synergistic effects were confirmed when 4 herbs were combined.

Key Conclusion

Combined use of Gongjindan constituents demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory synergistic effects compared to single use, providing pharmacological evidence for the systemic tonic effects of Gongjindan.

View Full Paper
Cohort Study Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Postoperative Recovery Promotion Effect of Gongjindan: A Prospective Cohort Study

Yoon JH, Kang DW, Lee SH, et al.

Integrative Medicine Research (2023)

48% Appetite Recovery Time Reduction
38% Physical Strength Improvement
126 subjects Participants

Gongjindan significantly accelerates postoperative recovery and contributes to nutritional status restoration and overall physical strength improvement.

View Source 2023
Cohort Study Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Postoperative Recovery Promotion Effect of Gongjindan: A Prospective Cohort Study

Yoon JH, Kang DW, Lee SH, et al. Integrative Medicine Research (2023)
48% Appetite Recovery Time Reduction
38% Physical Strength Improvement
126 subjects Participants

Summary

A prospective cohort study compared recovery progress between Gongjindan and non-treatment groups in 126 patients after major surgery. The Gongjindan group recovered appetite in an average of 2.8 days (vs. 5.4 days in non-treatment), with serum albumin levels normalizing significantly faster. Self-reported physical strength assessment at 1 month post-discharge also showed 38% higher scores in the Gongjindan group.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan significantly accelerates postoperative recovery and contributes to nutritional status restoration and overall physical strength improvement.

View Full Paper
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Respiratory Immune Enhancement and Mucosal Protection Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee HY, Kim JW, Park YC, et al.

Phytomedicine (2023)

61% Cold Incidence Reduction
44% Mucosal IgA Increase
12 weeks Treatment Duration

Gyeongokgo enhances respiratory mucosal immunity and significantly reduces recurrent infections, providing scientific validation of its traditional lung and bronchial tonifying effects.

View Source 2023
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Respiratory Immune Enhancement and Mucosal Protection Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee HY, Kim JW, Park YC, et al. Phytomedicine (2023)
61% Cold Incidence Reduction
44% Mucosal IgA Increase
12 weeks Treatment Duration

Summary

A randomized controlled trial comparing 12 weeks of Gyeongokgo administration with placebo in 92 patients with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. The Gyeongokgo group showed an average 61% reduction in cold incidence and a 44% increase in bronchial mucosal IgA secretion, confirming respiratory immune enhancement. Throat dryness also significantly improved.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo enhances respiratory mucosal immunity and significantly reduces recurrent infections, providing scientific validation of its traditional lung and bronchial tonifying effects.

View Full Paper
Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Systematic Review of Anti-Aging Effects of Gyeongokgo: Focus on Telomere and Cellular Senescence Markers

Cho WK, Nam JH, Kim TH, et al.

Aging Cell (2022)

28% Skin Elasticity Improvement
18 studies Studies Analyzed
Telomerase Key Mechanism

Gyeongokgo exerts anti-aging effects through telomere protection and improved vascular function, providing modern pharmacological evidence for its traditional nourishing and lung-moistening properties.

View Source 2022
Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Systematic Review of Anti-Aging Effects of Gyeongokgo: Focus on Telomere and Cellular Senescence Markers

Cho WK, Nam JH, Kim TH, et al. Aging Cell (2022)
28% Skin Elasticity Improvement
18 studies Studies Analyzed
Telomerase Key Mechanism

Summary

A systematic review of 18 basic and clinical studies evaluating the anti-aging effects of Gyeongokgo. Catalpol from Rehmannia and ginsenoside Rg1 from ginseng promoted telomerase activity, demonstrating cellular lifespan extension. In clinical studies, the Gyeongokgo group showed a 28% improvement in skin elasticity and significant enhancement of vascular endothelial function.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo exerts anti-aging effects through telomere protection and improved vascular function, providing modern pharmacological evidence for its traditional nourishing and lung-moistening properties.

View Full Paper
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pulmonary Function Improvement and Quality of Life Enhancement Effects of Gyeongokgo in Chronic Lung Disease Patients

Shin JM, Choi YJ, Hwang DS, et al.

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2023)

8.2% FEV1 Improvement
52m Walk Distance Increase
41% Quality of Life Improvement

Gyeongokgo improves pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic lung disease, with clinical confirmation of its efficacy as a respiratory tonic.

View Source 2023
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pulmonary Function Improvement and Quality of Life Enhancement Effects of Gyeongokgo in Chronic Lung Disease Patients

Shin JM, Choi YJ, Hwang DS, et al. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2023)
8.2% FEV1 Improvement
52m Walk Distance Increase
41% Quality of Life Improvement

Summary

A pre-post comparison study administering Gyeongokgo for 12 weeks to 74 patients with mild-to-moderate COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) improved by an average of 8.2%, and 6-minute walk distance increased by 52m. CAT (COPD Assessment Test) scores improved by 41%, indicating significant enhancement of respiratory-related quality of life.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo improves pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic lung disease, with clinical confirmation of its efficacy as a respiratory tonic.

View Full Paper