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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 1642 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Inflammatory Mediator Modulation Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment in Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Park JH, Kim MJ, Shin JC, et al.

Phytomedicine (2023)

Non-inferior Anti-inflammatory Comparison
108 subjects Participants
62.5% GI Side Effect Reduction

Herbal medicine treatment shows similar effects to NSAIDs in inflammation modulation of osteoarthritis with fewer side effects.

View Source 2023
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Inflammatory Mediator Modulation Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment in Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Park JH, Kim MJ, Shin JC, et al. Phytomedicine (2023)
Non-inferior Anti-inflammatory Comparison
108 subjects Participants
62.5% GI Side Effect Reduction

Summary

One hundred eight osteoarthritis patients were assigned to herbal medicine (54) and NSAID control (54) groups for 8 weeks of treatment. Inflammatory markers including IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP significantly decreased in the herbal group, with fewer gastrointestinal side effects.

Key Conclusion

Herbal medicine treatment shows similar effects to NSAIDs in inflammation modulation of osteoarthritis with fewer side effects.

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Narrative Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Recent Trends of Korean Medicine Approach for Joint Health: A Narrative Review

Song JM, Lee HS, Kwon OS, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2021)

98 papers Analyzed Papers
10 years Analysis Period
6 methods Major Treatments

Korean medicine research on joint diseases is developing toward combined treatment and evidence-based directions.

View Source 2021
Narrative Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Recent Trends of Korean Medicine Approach for Joint Health: A Narrative Review

Song JM, Lee HS, Kwon OS, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2021)
98 papers Analyzed Papers
10 years Analysis Period
6 methods Major Treatments

Summary

Ninety-eight Korean medicine treatment-related papers on joint diseases published in the past 10 years were analyzed to summarize treatment trends. Various treatments including herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, pharmacopuncture, and chuna manipulation have been studied, with combined treatment efficacy emphasized.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine research on joint diseases is developing toward combined treatment and evidence-based directions.

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Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Chondrocyte Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis Promotion Effect of Gwanjeoldan Constituents

Yang SH, Go HY, Kim WK, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2020)

45.2% Collagen Synthesis Increase
GAG Increase Adjunctive Effect
Synergistic Compound Prescription Effect

Gwanjeoldan's compound herbal medicines promote chondrocyte protection and regeneration through synergistic effects.

View Source 2020
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Chondrocyte Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis Promotion Effect of Gwanjeoldan Constituents

Yang SH, Go HY, Kim WK, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2020)
45.2% Collagen Synthesis Increase
GAG Increase Adjunctive Effect
Synergistic Compound Prescription Effect

Summary

Effects of major herbal extracts of Gwanjeoldan on chondrocyte proliferation, type II collagen synthesis, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) generation were evaluated in vitro. The compound extract demonstrated superior chondrocyte protective effects compared to individual herbs.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan's compound herbal medicines promote chondrocyte protection and regeneration through synergistic effects.

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Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Postoperative Recovery Promotion Effect of Pre-Surgical Herbal Medicine Pretreatment for Knee Replacement Surgery: A Cohort Study

Jang JY, Min SY, Cho SJ, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

7.2 days Recovery Time Reduction
95 subjects Participants
p=0.005 Pain Reduction Significance

Pre-surgical herbal medicine pretreatment contributes to early recovery after knee replacement surgery.

View Source 2024
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Postoperative Recovery Promotion Effect of Pre-Surgical Herbal Medicine Pretreatment for Knee Replacement Surgery: A Cohort Study

Jang JY, Min SY, Cho SJ, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
7.2 days Recovery Time Reduction
95 subjects Participants
p=0.005 Pain Reduction Significance

Summary

Postoperative recovery progress was compared between patients who took herbal medicine starting 4 weeks before knee replacement surgery (45) and non-takers (50). Postoperative pain, edema, and joint range of motion recovery were significantly faster in the herbal pretreatment group.

Key Conclusion

Pre-surgical herbal medicine pretreatment contributes to early recovery after knee replacement surgery.

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RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Adjunctive Treatment Effect of Gwanjeoldan for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwon JW, Lee DY, Ahn CB, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2022)

DAS28 Improvement Major Effect
86 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan can be utilized as adjunctive treatment to standard therapy for rheumatoid arthritis to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

View Source 2022
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Adjunctive Treatment Effect of Gwanjeoldan for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwon JW, Lee DY, Ahn CB, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2022)
DAS28 Improvement Major Effect
86 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Eighty-six rheumatoid arthritis patients were divided into standard treatment plus Gwanjeoldan (43) and standard treatment monotherapy (43) groups for 12 weeks of treatment. The Gwanjeoldan combination group showed significantly greater improvements in DAS28, tender joint count, and ESR.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan can be utilized as adjunctive treatment to standard therapy for rheumatoid arthritis to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

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Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Long-term Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Osteoarthritis of the Hip: A 3-Year Follow-up Cohort Study

Shin MJ, Baek SY, Lim BW, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)

68.7% Functional Score Improvement
120 subjects Participants
3 years Follow-up Period

Long-term herbal medicine treatment is effective in functional preservation and reducing analgesic dependence in osteoarthritis of the hip patients.

View Source 2023
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Long-term Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Osteoarthritis of the Hip: A 3-Year Follow-up Cohort Study

Shin MJ, Baek SY, Lim BW, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)
68.7% Functional Score Improvement
120 subjects Participants
3 years Follow-up Period

Summary

Among osteoarthritis of the hip patients, those who continued herbal medicine treatment (62) and those taking only conventional medication (58) were followed for 3 years. The herbal treatment group demonstrated significant improvements in Harris Hip Score and analgesic usage.

Key Conclusion

Long-term herbal medicine treatment is effective in functional preservation and reducing analgesic dependence in osteoarthritis of the hip patients.

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Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Systematic Review of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Pharmacopuncture for Arthritis Patients

Nam DW, Ryu BH, Kim EH, et al.

Phytomedicine (2021)

69.3% Pain Reduction Rate
1124 subjects Total Participants
15 papers Analyzed Papers

Pharmacopuncture is an effective complementary treatment for arthritis pain and inflammation management.

View Source 2021
Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Systematic Review of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Pharmacopuncture for Arthritis Patients

Nam DW, Ryu BH, Kim EH, et al. Phytomedicine (2021)
69.3% Pain Reduction Rate
1124 subjects Total Participants
15 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Fifteen clinical trials (1,124 subjects total) were analyzed to evaluate pharmacopuncture (bee venom, wild ginseng, Coptis pharmacopuncture, etc.) effects in arthritis patients. The pharmacopuncture group showed significant reductions in joint pain and edema.

Key Conclusion

Pharmacopuncture is an effective complementary treatment for arthritis pain and inflammation management.

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RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Herbal Medicine and Exercise Program for Knee Joint Degeneration Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Ryu JH, Moon PD, Cho CS, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

82.1% Combination Group Improvement
112 subjects Participants
16 weeks Treatment Period

The combined herbal medicine and exercise program demonstrates synergistic effects in knee joint degeneration prevention and functional improvement.

View Source 2024
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Herbal Medicine and Exercise Program for Knee Joint Degeneration Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Ryu JH, Moon PD, Cho CS, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
82.1% Combination Group Improvement
112 subjects Participants
16 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

One hundred twelve patients with early knee joint degeneration were divided into herbal medicine plus exercise (56) and exercise monotherapy (56) groups for 16 weeks of treatment. The combination group showed significantly greater improvements in quadriceps strength, joint range of motion, and WOMAC scores.

Key Conclusion

The combined herbal medicine and exercise program demonstrates synergistic effects in knee joint degeneration prevention and functional improvement.

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Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Analysis of Inflammatory Mediator Changes in Synovial Fluid Before and After Gwanjeoldan Administration

Woo CH, Lee SH, Kim JB, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)

38.5% IL-1β Reduction Rate
32 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan effectively suppresses inflammatory mediators in synovial fluid, demonstrating cartilage protective effects.

View Source 2022
Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Analysis of Inflammatory Mediator Changes in Synovial Fluid Before and After Gwanjeoldan Administration

Woo CH, Lee SH, Kim JB, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)
38.5% IL-1β Reduction Rate
32 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Synovial fluid was collected before and after Gwanjeoldan administration in 32 knee osteoarthritis patients to compare IL-1β, MMP-3, and COMP levels. All inflammatory mediator levels significantly decreased 8 weeks after administration.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan effectively suppresses inflammatory mediators in synovial fluid, demonstrating cartilage protective effects.

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Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Meta-analysis of Korean Medicine Treatment for Polyarticular Pain in Elderly Patients

Son CG, Cho SY, Baek YH, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2020)

65.8% Pain Improvement Rate
1542 subjects Total Participants
18 papers Analyzed Papers

Korean medicine treatment is a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with polyarticular pain.

View Source 2020
Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Meta-analysis of Korean Medicine Treatment for Polyarticular Pain in Elderly Patients

Son CG, Cho SY, Baek YH, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2020)
65.8% Pain Improvement Rate
1542 subjects Total Participants
18 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Eighteen herbal medicine treatment effect studies (1,542 subjects total) for polyarticular pain in patients aged 65 or older were meta-analyzed. The herbal treatment group showed significant improvements in pain VAS, joint function, and quality of life.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment is a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with polyarticular pain.

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Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Gait Analysis-Based Effect Evaluation of Gwanjeoldan for Osteoarthritis Patients: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Eom TK, Jung HJ, Kim MR, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2023)

18.5% Walking Speed Improvement
40 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan is objectively effective in walking function improvement in osteoarthritis patients.

View Source 2023
Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Gait Analysis-Based Effect Evaluation of Gwanjeoldan for Osteoarthritis Patients: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Eom TK, Jung HJ, Kim MR, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2023)
18.5% Walking Speed Improvement
40 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Forty patients with knee osteoarthritis received Gwanjeoldan for 12 weeks, with gait pattern changes evaluated using 3D gait analysis equipment. After treatment, significant improvements were observed in walking speed, stride length, and knee flexion angle.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan is objectively effective in walking function improvement in osteoarthritis patients.

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Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Systematic Review of Chuna Manipulation Effects in Joint Diseases

Han SY, Moon SK, Jung WS, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021)

72.4% Pain Improvement Rate
1968 subjects Total Participants
24 papers Analyzed Papers

Chuna manipulation is an effective Korean medicine manual therapy for pain management and functional recovery in joint diseases.

View Source 2021
Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Systematic Review of Chuna Manipulation Effects in Joint Diseases

Han SY, Moon SK, Jung WS, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021)
72.4% Pain Improvement Rate
1968 subjects Total Participants
24 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Twenty-four clinical trials (1,968 subjects total) were systematically analyzed to evaluate chuna manipulation effects in joint diseases. The chuna treatment group showed significant improvements in joint pain, range of motion, and functional scores.

Key Conclusion

Chuna manipulation is an effective Korean medicine manual therapy for pain management and functional recovery in joint diseases.

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