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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 1642 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Before-After ENT Disorders

Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Activity Study of Changija-san in Chronic Sinusitis

Eom TK, Jung HJ, Kim MR, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)

74.2% Biofilm Inhibition Rate
36 subjects Clinical Participants
83.3% Bacterial Conversion Rate

Changija-san possesses antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against chronic sinusitis pathogens and is also clinically useful.

View Source 2023
Before-After ENT Disorders

Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Activity Study of Changija-san in Chronic Sinusitis

Eom TK, Jung HJ, Kim MR, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)
74.2% Biofilm Inhibition Rate
36 subjects Clinical Participants
83.3% Bacterial Conversion Rate

Summary

Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of Changija-san extract against chronic sinusitis pathogens (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa) was evaluated through in vitro experiments. Changija-san demonstrated significant biofilm inhibition effects against both bacterial species. In 36 clinical patients, bacterial culture conversion rates were also high.

Key Conclusion

Changija-san possesses antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against chronic sinusitis pathogens and is also clinically useful.

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Before-After Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Heart Rate Variability Analysis of Autonomic Function Changes Following Gongjindan Administration

Son JY, Hong SH, Kim CH, et al.

Phytomedicine (2022)

27.8% SDNN Increase Rate
64 subjects Participants
4 weeks Treatment Period

Gongjindan is effective in restoring autonomic balance and contributes to alleviation of stress-related symptoms.

View Source 2022
Before-After Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Heart Rate Variability Analysis of Autonomic Function Changes Following Gongjindan Administration

Son JY, Hong SH, Kim CH, et al. Phytomedicine (2022)
27.8% SDNN Increase Rate
64 subjects Participants
4 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Sixty-four patients with stress-induced autonomic imbalance received Gongjindan for 4 weeks, with heart rate variability (HRV) analyzed. Parasympathetic indicators including SDNN, RMSSD, and HF significantly increased.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan is effective in restoring autonomic balance and contributes to alleviation of stress-related symptoms.

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Case Study Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Experimental Study on Chondrocyte Protection and Growth Factor Secretion Effects of Deer Antler

Jeong MJ, Lee GH, Bae JS, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2019)

38.4% Cell Survival Increase
IGF-1 Major Growth Factor
in vitro Study Type

Deer antler protects chondrocytes and promotes growth factor secretion, contributing to joint and tissue regeneration.

View Source 2019
Case Study Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Experimental Study on Chondrocyte Protection and Growth Factor Secretion Effects of Deer Antler

Jeong MJ, Lee GH, Bae JS, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2019)
38.4% Cell Survival Increase
IGF-1 Major Growth Factor
in vitro Study Type

Summary

The effect of deer antler extract on chondrocyte survival, proliferation, and growth factor (IGF-1, TGF-β) secretion was evaluated in vitro. Chondrocyte survival increased dose-dependently, with IGF-1 secretion promoted.

Key Conclusion

Deer antler protects chondrocytes and promotes growth factor secretion, contributing to joint and tissue regeneration.

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RCT Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Cognitive Function Improvement Effect of Gongjindan: Randomized Controlled Trial in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients

Chung SY, Kim JH, Park YC, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

3.2 points MMSE Score Improvement
72 subjects Participants
p=0.001 MoCA Significance

Gongjindan is effective in improving cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment patients and may contribute to dementia prevention.

View Source 2024
RCT Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Cognitive Function Improvement Effect of Gongjindan: Randomized Controlled Trial in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients

Chung SY, Kim JH, Park YC, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
3.2 points MMSE Score Improvement
72 subjects Participants
p=0.001 MoCA Significance

Summary

Seventy-two patients with mild cognitive impairment were divided into Gongjindan (36) and placebo (36) groups for 12 weeks of treatment. Significant improvements were observed in MMSE, MoCA scores, and working memory tests in the treatment group.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan is effective in improving cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment patients and may contribute to dementia prevention.

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Before-After Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Effect of Gongjindan for Postpartum Physical Strength Recovery: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Yun YJ, Lee MJ, Kang SH, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)

73.5% Fatigue Improvement Rate
48 subjects Participants
6 weeks Treatment Period

Gongjindan is an effective tonic prescription for postpartum physical strength recovery and anemia improvement.

View Source 2022
Before-After Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Effect of Gongjindan for Postpartum Physical Strength Recovery: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Yun YJ, Lee MJ, Kang SH, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)
73.5% Fatigue Improvement Rate
48 subjects Participants
6 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Forty-eight postpartum mothers complaining of fatigue and physical weakness received Gongjindan for 6 weeks. Significant improvements were observed in FSS scores and serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan is an effective tonic prescription for postpartum physical strength recovery and anemia improvement.

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Cross-Sectional Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Exercise Performance Enhancement Effect of Gongjindan: A Cross-Sectional Study in Elite Athletes

Bae SH, Kim WI, Choi ES, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2023)

8.7% VO2max Improvement
75 subjects Participants
p=0.012 Endurance Significance

Regular Gongjindan administration positively influences physical fitness and exercise performance enhancement in athletes.

View Source 2023
Cross-Sectional Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Exercise Performance Enhancement Effect of Gongjindan: A Cross-Sectional Study in Elite Athletes

Bae SH, Kim WI, Choi ES, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2023)
8.7% VO2max Improvement
75 subjects Participants
p=0.012 Endurance Significance

Summary

Physical fitness tests and exercise performance were compared between elite athletes regularly taking Gongjindan (35) and non-takers (40). VO2max, muscular endurance, and recovery rate were significantly higher in the Gongjindan group.

Key Conclusion

Regular Gongjindan administration positively influences physical fitness and exercise performance enhancement in athletes.

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Systematic Review Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Neuroprotective Effects and Cerebral Blood Flow Improvement Mechanisms of Musk: A Systematic Review

Won JH, Lim SM, Park HJ, et al.

Phytomedicine (2021)

22 papers Analyzed Papers
BBB Modulation Major Mechanism
Cerebral Flow Increase Clinical Effect

Musk is effective for neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement, supporting its role as a core constituent of Gongjindan.

View Source 2021
Systematic Review Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Neuroprotective Effects and Cerebral Blood Flow Improvement Mechanisms of Musk: A Systematic Review

Won JH, Lim SM, Park HJ, et al. Phytomedicine (2021)
22 papers Analyzed Papers
BBB Modulation Major Mechanism
Cerebral Flow Increase Clinical Effect

Summary

Twenty-two basic and clinical studies on neuroprotective and cerebral blood flow improvement effects of musk were systematically analyzed. Musk demonstrated effects on BBB permeability modulation, increased cerebral blood flow, and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.

Key Conclusion

Musk is effective for neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement, supporting its role as a core constituent of Gongjindan.

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RCT Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Symptom Alleviation Effect of Gongjindan in Menopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Shin MK, Cho AR, Kim HS, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2024)

69.8% Symptom Improvement Rate
100 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Gongjindan is an effective Korean medicine tonic prescription for alleviating various menopausal symptoms in women.

View Source 2024
RCT Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Symptom Alleviation Effect of Gongjindan in Menopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Shin MK, Cho AR, Kim HS, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2024)
69.8% Symptom Improvement Rate
100 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

One hundred menopausal women were divided into Gongjindan (50) and placebo (50) groups for 12 weeks of treatment. Significant improvements were observed in Kupperman menopause index, hot flash frequency, and insomnia scores in the Gongjindan group.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan is an effective Korean medicine tonic prescription for alleviating various menopausal symptoms in women.

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Narrative Review Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Narrative Review of Hematopoiesis and Blood Circulation Promotion Effects of Angelica

Go WS, Nam HJ, Sung SH, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022)

58 papers Analyzed Papers
Ferulic acid Major Active Component
Vasodilation Major Mechanism

Angelica plays an important role in hematopoiesis and blood circulation improvement as a core constituent of Gongjindan.

View Source 2022
Narrative Review Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Narrative Review of Hematopoiesis and Blood Circulation Promotion Effects of Angelica

Go WS, Nam HJ, Sung SH, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022)
58 papers Analyzed Papers
Ferulic acid Major Active Component
Vasodilation Major Mechanism

Summary

Fifty-eight articles on hematopoiesis promotion, blood circulation improvement, and anti-inflammatory effects of Angelica were analyzed. The major components of Angelica, ferulic acid and ligustilide, were confirmed to contribute to hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and vasodilation.

Key Conclusion

Angelica plays an important role in hematopoiesis and blood circulation improvement as a core constituent of Gongjindan.

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Cohort Study Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Liver Function Protection Effect of Gongjindan in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: A Cohort Study

Song MK, Lee HY, Yoon EL, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2020)

28.5% AST Reduction Rate
130 subjects Participants
24 months Follow-up Period

Gongjindan can be used adjunctively for liver function stabilization and fatigue improvement in chronic hepatitis patients.

View Source 2020
Cohort Study Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Liver Function Protection Effect of Gongjindan in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: A Cohort Study

Song MK, Lee HY, Yoon EL, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2020)
28.5% AST Reduction Rate
130 subjects Participants
24 months Follow-up Period

Summary

Among chronic hepatitis B patients, those who received concomitant Gongjindan (65) and standard treatment-only group (65) were followed for 24 months. The Gongjindan combination group showed more stable AST and ALT levels, with improved fatigue scores.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan can be used adjunctively for liver function stabilization and fatigue improvement in chronic hepatitis patients.

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Before-After Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Multicenter Pre-Post Comparison Study on Sleep Quality Changes Before and After Gongjindan Administration

Han CH, Park JW, Kim YI, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2025)

4.7 points PSQI Score Improvement
180 subjects Participants
5 sites Participating Hospitals

Gongjindan is effective in improving sleep quality in patients with sleep disturbance.

View Source 2025
Before-After Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Multicenter Pre-Post Comparison Study on Sleep Quality Changes Before and After Gongjindan Administration

Han CH, Park JW, Kim YI, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2025)
4.7 points PSQI Score Improvement
180 subjects Participants
5 sites Participating Hospitals

Summary

One hundred eighty patients with sleep disturbance at 5 Korean medicine hospitals received Gongjindan for 8 weeks, with PSQI measured. PSQI scores improved by an average of 4.7 points after treatment, with significant increase in deep sleep rate.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan is effective in improving sleep quality in patients with sleep disturbance.

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Meta-Analysis Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Meta-analysis of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Effects of Cornus officinalis

Woo SH, Jung GS, Lee EJ, et al.

Phytomedicine (2023)

12.8% Fasting Glucose Reduction
985 subjects Total Participants
14 papers Analyzed Papers

Cornus officinalis is effective in glycemic control and oxidative stress reduction, supporting metabolic regulation function as a constituent of Gongjindan.

View Source 2023
Meta-Analysis Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Meta-analysis of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Effects of Cornus officinalis

Woo SH, Jung GS, Lee EJ, et al. Phytomedicine (2023)
12.8% Fasting Glucose Reduction
985 subjects Total Participants
14 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Fourteen clinical trials (985 subjects total) evaluating antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of Cornus officinalis were meta-analyzed. The Cornus officinalis administration group showed significant reductions in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and serum MDA levels.

Key Conclusion

Cornus officinalis is effective in glycemic control and oxidative stress reduction, supporting metabolic regulation function as a constituent of Gongjindan.

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