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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 1642 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Systematic Review Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Herbal Medicine Treatment Effect for Taeumin Obesity: A Systematic Review on Constitutional Response Differences

Song TM, Lee EJ, Kim LH, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)

71% Treatment Response Rate
2.1kg Additional Weight Loss
22 studies Number of Reviewed Studies

Taeumin tailored herbal medicine prescriptions show superior obesity treatment effects compared to general prescriptions, demonstrating the importance of tailored treatment based on constitutional differentiation.

View Source 2023
Systematic Review Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Herbal Medicine Treatment Effect for Taeumin Obesity: A Systematic Review on Constitutional Response Differences

Song TM, Lee EJ, Kim LH, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)
71% Treatment Response Rate
2.1kg Additional Weight Loss
22 studies Number of Reviewed Studies

Summary

Twenty-two clinical studies evaluating the herbal medicine treatment effect on Taeumin, the Sasang constitution with the highest prevalence of obesity, were systematically reviewed. Taeumin tailored prescriptions (modified Taeumjowi-tang, etc.) achieved an average of 2.1 kg greater weight loss compared to general prescriptions, and the treatment response rate was significantly superior at 71% versus non-tailored prescriptions (49%). The core mechanisms were appetite suppression and water metabolism improvement.

Key Conclusion

Taeumin tailored herbal medicine prescriptions show superior obesity treatment effects compared to general prescriptions, demonstrating the importance of tailored treatment based on constitutional differentiation.

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Cohort Study Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Long-Term Weight Maintenance Effect of Constitutional-Tailored Korean Medicine Diet: A 24-Month Follow-Up Cohort Study

Park JW, Ko SJ, Han G, et al.

International Journal of Obesity (2024)

18% Yo-Yo Incidence Rate
24 months Follow-up Period
1.2kg Regain Magnitude

Sasang constitutional tailored Korean medicine diet is excellent for long-term weight maintenance and is 3 times more effective than general dietary management in preventing the yo-yo phenomenon.

View Source 2024
Cohort Study Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Long-Term Weight Maintenance Effect of Constitutional-Tailored Korean Medicine Diet: A 24-Month Follow-Up Cohort Study

Park JW, Ko SJ, Han G, et al. International Journal of Obesity (2024)
18% Yo-Yo Incidence Rate
24 months Follow-up Period
1.2kg Regain Magnitude

Summary

A cohort study compared 24-month weight changes between a Sasang constitutional tailored Korean medicine program group and a general dietary management group in 162 adults in the weight maintenance phase after successful weight loss (≥5%). The yo-yo phenomenon incidence in the Korean medicine group was 18%, significantly lower than the general group (52%). At the 24-month time point, weight regain was on average only 1.2 kg, demonstrating outstanding effects on weight maintenance compared to the general group (4.8 kg).

Key Conclusion

Sasang constitutional tailored Korean medicine diet is excellent for long-term weight maintenance and is 3 times more effective than general dietary management in preventing the yo-yo phenomenon.

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RCT Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Treatment Effect of Bangpungtongseong-san for Obese Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Seo BK, Kwon OJ, Cho SH, et al.

Hepatology International (2023)

5.1kg Weight Reduction
7.8% Intrahepatic Fat Reduction
42% ALT Normalization

Bangpungtongseong-san simultaneously improves obesity and fatty liver, serving as an effective Korean medicine prescription for intrahepatic fat reduction and liver function normalization.

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RCT Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Treatment Effect of Bangpungtongseong-san for Obese Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Seo BK, Kwon OJ, Cho SH, et al. Hepatology International (2023)
5.1kg Weight Reduction
7.8% Intrahepatic Fat Reduction
42% ALT Normalization

Summary

A 12-week randomized controlled trial compared a Bangpungtongseong-san administration group with a placebo group in 108 obese patients with concurrent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The Bangpungtongseong-san group showed a 5.1 kg weight reduction, and intrahepatic fat content (MRI-PDFF) decreased by an average of 7.8%. ALT normalized in 42% of patients, and the liver fibrosis indicator (FIB-4) also improved significantly.

Key Conclusion

Bangpungtongseong-san simultaneously improves obesity and fatty liver, serving as an effective Korean medicine prescription for intrahepatic fat reduction and liver function normalization.

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Cohort Study Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Effect of Korean Medicine Weight Management Program for Postpartum Obese Women: A Prospective Cohort Study

Yoon EH, Kim MJ, Park YJ, et al.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research (2024)

78% Weight Recovery Rate
1.8cm Diastasis Recti Improvement
2.3 times vs Self-Management

Integrated Korean medicine weight management promotes weight recovery in postpartum obese women and shows multifaceted effects including improvement of abdominal muscle strength and emotional state.

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Cohort Study Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Effect of Korean Medicine Weight Management Program for Postpartum Obese Women: A Prospective Cohort Study

Yoon EH, Kim MJ, Park YJ, et al. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research (2024)
78% Weight Recovery Rate
1.8cm Diastasis Recti Improvement
2.3 times vs Self-Management

Summary

A prospective cohort study compared 16-week outcomes between a herbal medicine + pharmacopuncture + chuna combined group and a self-management group in 74 women with weight retention more than 6 months postpartum. The combined group showed a 78% pre-pregnancy weight recovery rate, 2.3 times higher than the self-management group (34%). Diastasis recti improved by 1.8 cm, and postpartum depression scale (EPDS) also decreased significantly.

Key Conclusion

Integrated Korean medicine weight management promotes weight recovery in postpartum obese women and shows multifaceted effects including improvement of abdominal muscle strength and emotional state.

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RCT Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Appetite-Regulating Hormones and Satiety Enhancement: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Hwang MS, Lee JH, Shin BC, et al.

Appetite (2023)

22% Ghrelin Reduction
44% Satiety Improvement
31% Leptin Sensitivity Improvement

Electroacupuncture restores the balance of appetite-regulating hormones and enhances satiety, inducing natural meal reduction without behavioral correction.

View Source 2023
RCT Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Appetite-Regulating Hormones and Satiety Enhancement: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Hwang MS, Lee JH, Shin BC, et al. Appetite (2023)
22% Ghrelin Reduction
44% Satiety Improvement
31% Leptin Sensitivity Improvement

Summary

A randomized controlled trial compared an abdominal-auricular electroacupuncture group with a sham acupuncture group over 8 weeks in 96 overweight adults. The electroacupuncture group showed a 22% reduction in blood ghrelin (appetite-stimulating hormone) and a 31% improvement in leptin sensitivity. Postprandial satiety VAS improved by 44%, and snacking frequency decreased by an average of 4.2 times per week.

Key Conclusion

Electroacupuncture restores the balance of appetite-regulating hormones and enhances satiety, inducing natural meal reduction without behavioral correction.

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Before-After Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Visceral Fat Reduction and Metabolic Syndrome Indicator Improvement by Korean Medicine Diet Program: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Lee SY, Choi MK, Jung WS, et al.

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders (2024)

28.4cm² Visceral Fat Reduction
47% Metabolic Syndrome Resolution Rate
34% Triglyceride Reduction

The integrated Korean medicine diet program effectively reduces visceral fat and improves metabolic syndrome indicators, contributing to metabolic health restoration beyond simple weight loss.

View Source 2024
Before-After Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Visceral Fat Reduction and Metabolic Syndrome Indicator Improvement by Korean Medicine Diet Program: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Lee SY, Choi MK, Jung WS, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders (2024)
28.4cm² Visceral Fat Reduction
47% Metabolic Syndrome Resolution Rate
34% Triglyceride Reduction

Summary

A pre-post comparison study administered an integrated Korean medicine diet program including herbal medicine, pharmacopuncture, and dietary guidance for 12 weeks to 82 patients with metabolic syndrome. Visceral fat area on CT decreased by an average of 28.4 cm², and fasting blood glucose dropped by 12 mg/dL. Triglycerides decreased by 34%, HDL cholesterol increased by 11%, and the metabolic syndrome resolution rate reached 47%.

Key Conclusion

The integrated Korean medicine diet program effectively reduces visceral fat and improves metabolic syndrome indicators, contributing to metabolic health restoration beyond simple weight loss.

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Meta-Analysis Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Weight Loss Effect and Safety of Mahuang-Containing Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cho JH, Nam DH, Kim KS, et al.

Phytotherapy Research (2023)

3.7kg Additional Weight Loss
8.4% Basal Metabolic Rate Increase
18 studies Number of Reviewed Studies

Mahuang-containing herbal medicine demonstrates significant weight loss effects through basal metabolic rate increase, with confirmed safety at appropriate doses.

View Source 2023
Meta-Analysis Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Weight Loss Effect and Safety of Mahuang-Containing Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cho JH, Nam DH, Kim KS, et al. Phytotherapy Research (2023)
3.7kg Additional Weight Loss
8.4% Basal Metabolic Rate Increase
18 studies Number of Reviewed Studies

Summary

Eighteen randomized controlled trials (total 1,426 subjects) evaluating the weight loss effect of Mahuang-containing herbal medicine were meta-analyzed. The Mahuang-containing herbal medicine group showed an average additional weight reduction of 3.7 kg, and basal metabolic rate increased by an average of 8.4%. Heart rate increase (average 4.2 bpm) and mild insomnia (7.3%) were reported, but no serious adverse events occurred.

Key Conclusion

Mahuang-containing herbal medicine demonstrates significant weight loss effects through basal metabolic rate increase, with confirmed safety at appropriate doses.

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RCT Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Effect of Combined Herbal Medicine Prescription and Auricular Acupuncture for Obesity Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kim YJ, Park SH, Lee HJ, et al.

Obesity Research and Clinical Practice (2024)

6.8kg Weight Reduction
7.4cm Waist Circumference Reduction
4.6% Body Fat Percentage Reduction

The combination of herbal medicine and auricular acupuncture demonstrates synergistic effects in obesity treatment, showing superior results in weight, body fat, and waist circumference compared to monotherapy.

View Source 2024
RCT Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet

Effect of Combined Herbal Medicine Prescription and Auricular Acupuncture for Obesity Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kim YJ, Park SH, Lee HJ, et al. Obesity Research and Clinical Practice (2024)
6.8kg Weight Reduction
7.4cm Waist Circumference Reduction
4.6% Body Fat Percentage Reduction

Summary

A 12-week randomized controlled trial compared a herbal medicine + auricular acupuncture combined group, a herbal medicine monotherapy group, and a placebo group in 118 adults with BMI 25-35. The combined group showed an average weight reduction of 6.8 kg, significantly higher than the herbal medicine monotherapy group (4.2 kg) and the placebo group (1.1 kg). Waist circumference decreased by 7.4 cm, and body fat percentage decreased by 4.6%.

Key Conclusion

The combination of herbal medicine and auricular acupuncture demonstrates synergistic effects in obesity treatment, showing superior results in weight, body fat, and waist circumference compared to monotherapy.

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Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Symptom Relief and Skin Barrier Recovery in Children with Atopic Dermatitis Treated with Gyeongokgo: A Systematic Review

Jung HJ, Park CW, Lee YW, et al.

Journal of Dermatological Treatment (2023)

42% SCORAD Reduction
31% TEWL Improvement
19 studies Studies Analyzed

Gyeongokgo improves symptoms and skin barrier function in children with atopic dermatitis, with the dual mechanism of nourishing/moistening and immune regulation as the core.

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Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Symptom Relief and Skin Barrier Recovery in Children with Atopic Dermatitis Treated with Gyeongokgo: A Systematic Review

Jung HJ, Park CW, Lee YW, et al. Journal of Dermatological Treatment (2023)
42% SCORAD Reduction
31% TEWL Improvement
19 studies Studies Analyzed

Summary

A systematic review of 19 clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of Gyeongokgo for atopic dermatitis. The Gyeongokgo group showed an average 42% reduction in SCORAD scores and a 31% improvement in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), confirming skin barrier function recovery. Serum eosinophil counts decreased 28%, and quality of life indices (CDLQI) significantly improved.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo improves symptoms and skin barrier function in children with atopic dermatitis, with the dual mechanism of nourishing/moistening and immune regulation as the core.

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Cohort Study Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Cognitive Decline Prevention and Cerebral Blood Flow Improvement in the Elderly Treated with Gyeongokgo: A Prospective Cohort Study

Song MY, Kim SH, Choi DH, et al.

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders (2024)

83% Cognitive Decline Inhibition
14% Cerebral Blood Flow Increase
142 subjects Study Participants

Gyeongokgo mitigates cognitive decline and improves cerebral blood flow in the elderly, with confirmed potential to prevent progression from MCI to dementia.

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Cohort Study Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Cognitive Decline Prevention and Cerebral Blood Flow Improvement in the Elderly Treated with Gyeongokgo: A Prospective Cohort Study

Song MY, Kim SH, Choi DH, et al. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders (2024)
83% Cognitive Decline Inhibition
14% Cerebral Blood Flow Increase
142 subjects Study Participants

Summary

A prospective cohort study comparing 12-month cognitive function changes between Gyeongokgo users and non-users among 142 elderly individuals aged 65 or older with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MoCA score decline was limited to 0.3 points in the Gyeongokgo group, compared to 1.8 points in the non-user group. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) showed a 14% increase in middle cerebral artery flow velocity, with significantly higher serum BDNF levels.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo mitigates cognitive decline and improves cerebral blood flow in the elderly, with confirmed potential to prevent progression from MCI to dementia.

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RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo on Pulmonary Function and Steroid Dependence Reduction in Asthma Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Im SJ, Lee KS, Hong JH, et al.

Respiratory Research (2023)

11.3% FEV1 Improvement
38% ICS Use Reduction
5.4 points ACT Score Improvement

Gyeongokgo improves pulmonary function and reduces steroid dependence in asthma patients, demonstrating synergistic effects when combined with conventional therapy.

View Source 2023
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo on Pulmonary Function and Steroid Dependence Reduction in Asthma Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Im SJ, Lee KS, Hong JH, et al. Respiratory Research (2023)
11.3% FEV1 Improvement
38% ICS Use Reduction
5.4 points ACT Score Improvement

Summary

A randomized controlled trial comparing 16 weeks of Gyeongokgo+standard care with placebo+standard care in 104 patients with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma. The Gyeongokgo group showed an average 11.3% improvement in FEV1 and a 38% reduction in inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use. ACT (Asthma Control Test) scores improved by 5.4 points, indicating significantly enhanced asthma control.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo improves pulmonary function and reduces steroid dependence in asthma patients, demonstrating synergistic effects when combined with conventional therapy.

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Meta-Analysis Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Meta-Analysis of Lung Stem Cell Activation and Tissue Regeneration Effects of Gyeongokgo Constituent Herbs

Kwak MA, Son CG, Lee NH, et al.

Stem Cell Research and Therapy (2024)

52% Stem Cell Proliferation Promotion
15 studies Studies Analyzed
Wnt Key Signaling Pathway

Gyeongokgo herbs contribute to lung tissue regeneration through stem cell activation and differentiation promotion, providing a novel mechanistic basis for chronic lung disease treatment.

View Source 2024
Meta-Analysis Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Meta-Analysis of Lung Stem Cell Activation and Tissue Regeneration Effects of Gyeongokgo Constituent Herbs

Kwak MA, Son CG, Lee NH, et al. Stem Cell Research and Therapy (2024)
52% Stem Cell Proliferation Promotion
15 studies Studies Analyzed
Wnt Key Signaling Pathway

Summary

A meta-analysis of 15 studies (11 basic, 4 clinical) evaluating effects of Gyeongokgo herbs on lung stem cells (bronchioalveolar stem cells). Ginsenoside Rg1 from ginseng activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, promoting lung stem cell proliferation by 52%, and catalpol from Rehmannia induced stem cell differentiation into lung epithelial cells. Lung tissue regeneration promotion was clinically confirmed via imaging.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo herbs contribute to lung tissue regeneration through stem cell activation and differentiation promotion, providing a novel mechanistic basis for chronic lung disease treatment.

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