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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 1642 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Case Study Elbow Pain

Case Series of Korean Medicine Treatment for Refractory Tennis Elbow

Oh SY, Choi DJ, Han JM, et al.

Acupuncture in Medicine (2022)

87% Treatment Response Rate
15 cases Case Number

Korean medicine combined treatment can be an effective alternative even in refractory tennis elbow.

View Source 2022
Case Study Elbow Pain

Case Series of Korean Medicine Treatment for Refractory Tennis Elbow

Oh SY, Choi DJ, Han JM, et al. Acupuncture in Medicine (2022)
87% Treatment Response Rate
15 cases Case Number

Summary

Fifteen patients with refractory lateral epicondylitis unresponsive to conventional treatment received combined acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, chuna, and herbal medicine. After 12 weeks of treatment, 13 patients (87%) showed meaningful pain reduction and functional recovery.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine combined treatment can be an effective alternative even in refractory tennis elbow.

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RCT Elbow Pain

Effect of Moxibustion on Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Jung WS, Moon SK, Ko CN, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)

74% Pain Reduction Rate
88 subjects Participants

Moxibustion is an effective complementary treatment for pain reduction and grip strength recovery in lateral epicondylitis.

View Source 2023
RCT Elbow Pain

Effect of Moxibustion on Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Jung WS, Moon SK, Ko CN, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)
74% Pain Reduction Rate
88 subjects Participants

Summary

Eighty-eight patients with lateral epicondylitis were randomized to moxibustion or sham moxibustion groups for 6 weeks of treatment. The moxibustion group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in pain scores and grip strength.

Key Conclusion

Moxibustion is an effective complementary treatment for pain reduction and grip strength recovery in lateral epicondylitis.

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Before-After Elbow Pain

Analysis of Ultrasonographic Changes Following Pharmacopuncture in Golfer's Elbow Patients

Heo KH, Kim BK, Lee JD, et al.

Pain Medicine (2024)

58% Tendon Thickness Reduction
41 subjects Participants

Pharmacopuncture promotes tendon structural recovery in medial epicondylitis patients as confirmed by ultrasound.

View Source 2024
Before-After Elbow Pain

Analysis of Ultrasonographic Changes Following Pharmacopuncture in Golfer's Elbow Patients

Heo KH, Kim BK, Lee JD, et al. Pain Medicine (2024)
58% Tendon Thickness Reduction
41 subjects Participants

Summary

Forty-one patients with medial epicondylitis received pharmacopuncture for 8 weeks, with structural changes of the tendon tracked via ultrasound. Reduced tendon thickness, improved echo changes, and decreased neovascularization were observed after treatment.

Key Conclusion

Pharmacopuncture promotes tendon structural recovery in medial epicondylitis patients as confirmed by ultrasound.

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Narrative Review Elbow Pain

Review of Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Acupuncture for Elbow Joint Pain

Son YS, Kim JI, Choi JY, et al.

Acupuncture in Medicine (2020)

28 papers Analyzed Literature
5 mechanisms Major Mechanisms

The pain-relieving effect of acupuncture in elbow joint pain can be explained by neurophysiological mechanisms.

View Source 2020
Narrative Review Elbow Pain

Review of Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Acupuncture for Elbow Joint Pain

Son YS, Kim JI, Choi JY, et al. Acupuncture in Medicine (2020)
28 papers Analyzed Literature
5 mechanisms Major Mechanisms

Summary

The mechanism of acupuncture for elbow joint pain was reviewed from a neurophysiological perspective. Mechanisms confirmed include activation of descending pain inhibition pathways and increased local blood flow induced by acupuncture stimulation.

Key Conclusion

The pain-relieving effect of acupuncture in elbow joint pain can be explained by neurophysiological mechanisms.

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Meta-Analysis Elbow Pain

Meta-analysis of Combined Korean Medicine Physical Therapy and Acupuncture in Tennis Elbow Patients

Park SW, Chae HB, Kim TH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2025)

90% Pain Reduction Rate
798 subjects Total Participants

The combination of Korean medicine physical therapy and acupuncture demonstrates synergistic effects in tennis elbow treatment.

View Source 2025
Meta-Analysis Elbow Pain

Meta-analysis of Combined Korean Medicine Physical Therapy and Acupuncture in Tennis Elbow Patients

Park SW, Chae HB, Kim TH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2025)
90% Pain Reduction Rate
798 subjects Total Participants

Summary

Eleven randomized controlled trials (798 subjects total) on combined Korean medicine physical therapy and acupuncture were meta-analyzed. The combination treatment demonstrated significantly superior pain reduction and functional recovery compared to either monotherapy.

Key Conclusion

The combination of Korean medicine physical therapy and acupuncture demonstrates synergistic effects in tennis elbow treatment.

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RCT Elbow Pain

Comparison of Treatment Effects by Electroacupuncture Stimulation Parameters in Lateral Epicondylitis

Chae Y, Lee HJ, Kim ST, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2022)

88% Low-Frequency Pain Reduction
120 subjects Participants

2 Hz low-frequency electroacupuncture is the most effective electroacupuncture parameter in lateral epicondylitis treatment.

View Source 2022
RCT Elbow Pain

Comparison of Treatment Effects by Electroacupuncture Stimulation Parameters in Lateral Epicondylitis

Chae Y, Lee HJ, Kim ST, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2022)
88% Low-Frequency Pain Reduction
120 subjects Participants

Summary

One hundred twenty patients with lateral epicondylitis were assigned to low-frequency electroacupuncture, high-frequency electroacupuncture, or conventional acupuncture groups. The low-frequency group demonstrated the most superior pain reduction and grip strength recovery.

Key Conclusion

2 Hz low-frequency electroacupuncture is the most effective electroacupuncture parameter in lateral epicondylitis treatment.

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Cohort Study Elbow Pain

Cohort Study of Korean Medicine Combined Treatment for Chronic Medial Epicondylitis

Kim MS, Lee HS, Leem JT, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2024)

85% Treatment Response Rate
167 subjects Participants

Korean medicine combined treatment provides sustained therapeutic effects for chronic medial epicondylitis.

View Source 2024
Cohort Study Elbow Pain

Cohort Study of Korean Medicine Combined Treatment for Chronic Medial Epicondylitis

Kim MS, Lee HS, Leem JT, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2024)
85% Treatment Response Rate
167 subjects Participants

Summary

One hundred sixty-seven patients with chronic medial epicondylitis received Korean medicine combined treatment (acupuncture+pharmacopuncture+Korean medicine physical therapy) and were followed for 6 months. At treatment completion, 85% of patients showed meaningful improvement, with effects maintained at 6-month follow-up.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine combined treatment provides sustained therapeutic effects for chronic medial epicondylitis.

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Systematic Review Elbow Pain

Effect of Needle-Knife Therapy on Elbow Joint Pain: A Systematic Review

Yoon SH, Han CH, Shin KM, et al.

Pain Medicine (2023)

80% Pain Reduction Rate
16 studies Analyzed Studies

Needle-knife therapy is accumulating evidence as an effective treatment for elbow tendinopathy.

View Source 2023
Systematic Review Elbow Pain

Effect of Needle-Knife Therapy on Elbow Joint Pain: A Systematic Review

Yoon SH, Han CH, Shin KM, et al. Pain Medicine (2023)
80% Pain Reduction Rate
16 studies Analyzed Studies

Summary

Sixteen studies applying needle-knife therapy to elbow joint pain were systematically reviewed. Needle-knife therapy was shown to be effective in adhesion release and pain reduction in chronic tendinopathy.

Key Conclusion

Needle-knife therapy is accumulating evidence as an effective treatment for elbow tendinopathy.

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Cross-Sectional Elbow Pain

Comparison of Patient Satisfaction Between Acupuncture and Physical Therapy in Tennis Elbow Patients

Koo ST, Lee YH, Jung CY, et al.

Acupuncture in Medicine (2019)

91% Acupuncture Satisfaction
206 subjects Participants

Acupuncture demonstrates higher patient satisfaction than conventional physical therapy in tennis elbow patients.

View Source 2019
Cross-Sectional Elbow Pain

Comparison of Patient Satisfaction Between Acupuncture and Physical Therapy in Tennis Elbow Patients

Koo ST, Lee YH, Jung CY, et al. Acupuncture in Medicine (2019)
91% Acupuncture Satisfaction
206 subjects Participants

Summary

Treatment satisfaction was compared between acupuncture and conventional physical therapy groups in 206 patients with lateral epicondylitis. Satisfaction was significantly higher in the acupuncture group, with greater willingness to revisit.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture demonstrates higher patient satisfaction than conventional physical therapy in tennis elbow patients.

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Meta-Analysis Elbow Pain

Comparative Effects of Pharmacopuncture Formulations for Lateral Epicondylitis: A Network Meta-analysis

Lee JW, Son MJ, Cho KH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

Rank 1 Bee Venom Effect Ranking
23 studies Analyzed Studies

Among various pharmacopunctures, bee venom pharmacopuncture was analyzed as the most effective for lateral epicondylitis treatment.

View Source 2024
Meta-Analysis Elbow Pain

Comparative Effects of Pharmacopuncture Formulations for Lateral Epicondylitis: A Network Meta-analysis

Lee JW, Son MJ, Cho KH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
Rank 1 Bee Venom Effect Ranking
23 studies Analyzed Studies

Summary

A network meta-analysis was conducted comparing the effects of various pharmacopuncture formulations (bee venom, placental extract, Hwangryunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture, etc.) used for lateral epicondylitis. Bee venom pharmacopuncture showed the highest ranking in pain reduction.

Key Conclusion

Among various pharmacopunctures, bee venom pharmacopuncture was analyzed as the most effective for lateral epicondylitis treatment.

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Cohort Study Elbow Pain

Analysis of Return-to-Work Following Korean Medicine Treatment in Elbow Joint Pain Patients

Min SW, Jang HK, Oh JY, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)

5.2 weeks Average Return Period
89 subjects Analyzed

Korean medicine treatment contributes to early return to work for patients with occupational elbow joint pain.

View Source 2022
Cohort Study Elbow Pain

Analysis of Return-to-Work Following Korean Medicine Treatment in Elbow Joint Pain Patients

Min SW, Jang HK, Oh JY, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)
5.2 weeks Average Return Period
89 subjects Analyzed

Summary

Time to return to work and related factors were analyzed in 89 occupational patients receiving Korean medicine treatment for elbow joint pain. The average return-to-work duration for those receiving Korean medicine treatment was 5.2 weeks.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment contributes to early return to work for patients with occupational elbow joint pain.

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RCT Elbow Pain

Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial of Acupuncture for Golfer's Elbow

Cho SY, Lee YS, Kim WJ, et al.

Pain Medicine (2025)

83% Pain Reduction Rate
104 subjects Participants

Acupuncture demonstrated clear therapeutic effects beyond placebo in golfer's elbow as confirmed in a double-blind trial.

View Source 2025
RCT Elbow Pain

Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial of Acupuncture for Golfer's Elbow

Cho SY, Lee YS, Kim WJ, et al. Pain Medicine (2025)
83% Pain Reduction Rate
104 subjects Participants

Summary

One hundred four patients with medial epicondylitis were randomized in a double-blind manner to true acupuncture or sham acupuncture groups for 8 weeks. The true acupuncture group demonstrated significant improvements in VAS, grip strength, and PRTEE scores compared to the sham group.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture demonstrated clear therapeutic effects beyond placebo in golfer's elbow as confirmed in a double-blind trial.

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