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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 1642 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Long-term Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Osteoarthritis of the Hip: A 3-Year Follow-up Cohort Study

Shin MJ, Baek SY, Lim BW, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)

68.7% Functional Score Improvement
120 subjects Participants
3 years Follow-up Period

Long-term herbal medicine treatment is effective in functional preservation and reducing analgesic dependence in osteoarthritis of the hip patients.

View Source 2023
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Long-term Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Osteoarthritis of the Hip: A 3-Year Follow-up Cohort Study

Shin MJ, Baek SY, Lim BW, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)
68.7% Functional Score Improvement
120 subjects Participants
3 years Follow-up Period

Summary

Among osteoarthritis of the hip patients, those who continued herbal medicine treatment (62) and those taking only conventional medication (58) were followed for 3 years. The herbal treatment group demonstrated significant improvements in Harris Hip Score and analgesic usage.

Key Conclusion

Long-term herbal medicine treatment is effective in functional preservation and reducing analgesic dependence in osteoarthritis of the hip patients.

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RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Adjunctive Treatment Effect of Gwanjeoldan for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwon JW, Lee DY, Ahn CB, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2022)

DAS28 Improvement Major Effect
86 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan can be utilized as adjunctive treatment to standard therapy for rheumatoid arthritis to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

View Source 2022
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Adjunctive Treatment Effect of Gwanjeoldan for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwon JW, Lee DY, Ahn CB, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2022)
DAS28 Improvement Major Effect
86 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Eighty-six rheumatoid arthritis patients were divided into standard treatment plus Gwanjeoldan (43) and standard treatment monotherapy (43) groups for 12 weeks of treatment. The Gwanjeoldan combination group showed significantly greater improvements in DAS28, tender joint count, and ESR.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan can be utilized as adjunctive treatment to standard therapy for rheumatoid arthritis to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

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Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Postoperative Recovery Promotion Effect of Pre-Surgical Herbal Medicine Pretreatment for Knee Replacement Surgery: A Cohort Study

Jang JY, Min SY, Cho SJ, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

7.2 days Recovery Time Reduction
95 subjects Participants
p=0.005 Pain Reduction Significance

Pre-surgical herbal medicine pretreatment contributes to early recovery after knee replacement surgery.

View Source 2024
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Postoperative Recovery Promotion Effect of Pre-Surgical Herbal Medicine Pretreatment for Knee Replacement Surgery: A Cohort Study

Jang JY, Min SY, Cho SJ, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
7.2 days Recovery Time Reduction
95 subjects Participants
p=0.005 Pain Reduction Significance

Summary

Postoperative recovery progress was compared between patients who took herbal medicine starting 4 weeks before knee replacement surgery (45) and non-takers (50). Postoperative pain, edema, and joint range of motion recovery were significantly faster in the herbal pretreatment group.

Key Conclusion

Pre-surgical herbal medicine pretreatment contributes to early recovery after knee replacement surgery.

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Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Chondrocyte Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis Promotion Effect of Gwanjeoldan Constituents

Yang SH, Go HY, Kim WK, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2020)

45.2% Collagen Synthesis Increase
GAG Increase Adjunctive Effect
Synergistic Compound Prescription Effect

Gwanjeoldan's compound herbal medicines promote chondrocyte protection and regeneration through synergistic effects.

View Source 2020
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Chondrocyte Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis Promotion Effect of Gwanjeoldan Constituents

Yang SH, Go HY, Kim WK, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2020)
45.2% Collagen Synthesis Increase
GAG Increase Adjunctive Effect
Synergistic Compound Prescription Effect

Summary

Effects of major herbal extracts of Gwanjeoldan on chondrocyte proliferation, type II collagen synthesis, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) generation were evaluated in vitro. The compound extract demonstrated superior chondrocyte protective effects compared to individual herbs.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan's compound herbal medicines promote chondrocyte protection and regeneration through synergistic effects.

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Narrative Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Recent Trends of Korean Medicine Approach for Joint Health: A Narrative Review

Song JM, Lee HS, Kwon OS, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2021)

98 papers Analyzed Papers
10 years Analysis Period
6 methods Major Treatments

Korean medicine research on joint diseases is developing toward combined treatment and evidence-based directions.

View Source 2021
Narrative Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Recent Trends of Korean Medicine Approach for Joint Health: A Narrative Review

Song JM, Lee HS, Kwon OS, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2021)
98 papers Analyzed Papers
10 years Analysis Period
6 methods Major Treatments

Summary

Ninety-eight Korean medicine treatment-related papers on joint diseases published in the past 10 years were analyzed to summarize treatment trends. Various treatments including herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, pharmacopuncture, and chuna manipulation have been studied, with combined treatment efficacy emphasized.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine research on joint diseases is developing toward combined treatment and evidence-based directions.

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RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Inflammatory Mediator Modulation Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment in Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Park JH, Kim MJ, Shin JC, et al.

Phytomedicine (2023)

Non-inferior Anti-inflammatory Comparison
108 subjects Participants
62.5% GI Side Effect Reduction

Herbal medicine treatment shows similar effects to NSAIDs in inflammation modulation of osteoarthritis with fewer side effects.

View Source 2023
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Inflammatory Mediator Modulation Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment in Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Park JH, Kim MJ, Shin JC, et al. Phytomedicine (2023)
Non-inferior Anti-inflammatory Comparison
108 subjects Participants
62.5% GI Side Effect Reduction

Summary

One hundred eight osteoarthritis patients were assigned to herbal medicine (54) and NSAID control (54) groups for 8 weeks of treatment. Inflammatory markers including IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP significantly decreased in the herbal group, with fewer gastrointestinal side effects.

Key Conclusion

Herbal medicine treatment shows similar effects to NSAIDs in inflammation modulation of osteoarthritis with fewer side effects.

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Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Pre-Post Comparison Study of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Acupuncture in Knee Joint Pain Patients

Choi BM, Han KS, Jung TY, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2022)

71.8% VAS Improvement Rate
68 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Combined Gwanjeoldan and acupuncture is an effective compound treatment for knee joint pain and functional improvement.

View Source 2022
Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Pre-Post Comparison Study of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Acupuncture in Knee Joint Pain Patients

Choi BM, Han KS, Jung TY, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2022)
71.8% VAS Improvement Rate
68 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Sixty-eight patients with knee joint pain received combined Gwanjeoldan and acupuncture for 8 weeks, with VAS, WOMAC, and TUG tests performed. Significant improvements were observed in all assessment items after treatment.

Key Conclusion

Combined Gwanjeoldan and acupuncture is an effective compound treatment for knee joint pain and functional improvement.

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Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cartilage Protective Effects of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Arthritis

Lee CH, Seo YB, Yoon HJ, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)

Joint Space Maintenance Major Effect
1856 subjects Total Participants
20 papers Analyzed Papers

Herbal medicine treatment inhibits cartilage destruction in arthritis patients and is effective in preserving joint structure.

View Source 2024
Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cartilage Protective Effects of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Arthritis

Lee CH, Seo YB, Yoon HJ, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)
Joint Space Maintenance Major Effect
1856 subjects Total Participants
20 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Twenty clinical trials (1,856 subjects total) were meta-analyzed to evaluate cartilage protective effects of herbal medicine treatment for arthritis. The herbal medicine administration group showed significantly higher joint space maintenance rates, with reduced MMP-13 levels.

Key Conclusion

Herbal medicine treatment inhibits cartilage destruction in arthritis patients and is effective in preserving joint structure.

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RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Pain Alleviation Effect of Gwanjeoldan for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Kim SJ, Park HM, Lee JK, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)

74.3% Pain Improvement Rate
140 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan is effective in pain reduction and functional improvement in knee osteoarthritis patients.

View Source 2023
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Pain Alleviation Effect of Gwanjeoldan for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Kim SJ, Park HM, Lee JK, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)
74.3% Pain Improvement Rate
140 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

One hundred forty patients with knee osteoarthritis were divided into Gwanjeoldan (70) and placebo (70) groups for 12 weeks of treatment. Significant improvements were observed in WOMAC scores, VAS pain scores, and walking distance in the Gwanjeoldan group.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan is effective in pain reduction and functional improvement in knee osteoarthritis patients.

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Narrative Review Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Review of Historical Evolution and Modern Clinical Application of Korean Traditional Gongjindan Prescription

Kwon SW, Moon SK, Ahn CB, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)

72 papers Analyzed Literature
700+ years Prescription History
12 indications Modern Indications

Gongjindan is a prescription with a history of over 700 years, and its value is being reaffirmed in modern clinical practice.

View Source 2021
Narrative Review Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Review of Historical Evolution and Modern Clinical Application of Korean Traditional Gongjindan Prescription

Kwon SW, Moon SK, Ahn CB, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)
72 papers Analyzed Literature
700+ years Prescription History
12 indications Modern Indications

Summary

Seventy-two ancient and modern studies were reviewed to examine the historical evolution from the origin (Sehouideukhyobang) to modern clinical use of the Gongjindan prescription. While the core composition of the traditional prescription is maintained, indications are expanding.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan is a prescription with a history of over 700 years, and its value is being reaffirmed in modern clinical practice.

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Before-After Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Physical Strength and Immune Enhancement Effect of Gongjindan in Growing Adolescents: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Seo MJ, Kim AS, Lee WC, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2019)

15.4% Grip Strength Increase
50 subjects Participants
33.7% NK Cell Increase Rate

Gongjindan is effective in enhancing physical strength and immunity in growing adolescents.

View Source 2019
Before-After Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Physical Strength and Immune Enhancement Effect of Gongjindan in Growing Adolescents: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Seo MJ, Kim AS, Lee WC, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2019)
15.4% Grip Strength Increase
50 subjects Participants
33.7% NK Cell Increase Rate

Summary

Fifty adolescents (12-18 years old) complaining of physical weakness and frequent colds received Gongjindan for 12 weeks. Significant improvements were observed in physical fitness tests (grip strength, flexibility) and immune markers (IgA, NK cells).

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan is effective in enhancing physical strength and immunity in growing adolescents.

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RCT Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Comparative Study of Bioavailability Between Pill and Capsule Formulations of Gongjindan

Jo HG, Choi DH, Yun JM, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2024)

Equivalent Bioavailability Comparison
36 subjects Participants
Crossover Study Design

The Gongjindan capsule formulation demonstrates equivalent bioavailability to the traditional pill, providing an alternative with improved administration convenience.

View Source 2024
RCT Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Comparative Study of Bioavailability Between Pill and Capsule Formulations of Gongjindan

Jo HG, Choi DH, Yun JM, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2024)
Equivalent Bioavailability Comparison
36 subjects Participants
Crossover Study Design

Summary

Bioavailability of traditional pill and capsule formulations of Gongjindan was compared in a crossover design with 36 healthy adults. There was no significant difference between the two formulations in major active compound blood concentrations and AUC.

Key Conclusion

The Gongjindan capsule formulation demonstrates equivalent bioavailability to the traditional pill, providing an alternative with improved administration convenience.

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