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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Total 1642 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Case Study Knee Pain

Effect of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture Treatment After Knee Ligament Injury: A Case Series

Oh HW, Lee BH, Choi JH, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)

100% ≥50% Improvement Rate
7 subjects Participants

Bee venom pharmacopuncture treatment may be useful for managing persistent pain after knee ligament surgery.

View Source 2023
Case Study Knee Pain

Effect of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture Treatment After Knee Ligament Injury: A Case Series

Oh HW, Lee BH, Choi JH, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)
100% ≥50% Improvement Rate
7 subjects Participants

Summary

A case series in which bee venom pharmacopuncture treatment was administered 10 times to 7 patients with persistent pain after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. VAS pain scores decreased by more than 50% in all patients, and analgesic discontinuation was possible in 4 patients.

Key Conclusion

Bee venom pharmacopuncture treatment may be useful for managing persistent pain after knee ligament surgery.

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RCT Knee Pain

Comparison of Electroacupuncture and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Lee JH, Shin JS, Ha IH, et al.

Pain Medicine (2021)

75% Pain Reduction Rate
108 subjects Participants

Electroacupuncture is more effective than TENS for pain management in degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

View Source 2021
RCT Knee Pain

Comparison of Electroacupuncture and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Lee JH, Shin JS, Ha IH, et al. Pain Medicine (2021)
75% Pain Reduction Rate
108 subjects Participants

Summary

One hundred eight patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) groups and treated for 6 weeks. The electroacupuncture group showed significantly superior pain reduction and longer effect duration.

Key Conclusion

Electroacupuncture is more effective than TENS for pain management in degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

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Cross-Sectional Knee Pain

Korean Medicine Treatment Utilization Patterns in Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: Big Data Analysis from Health Insurance

Won DJ, Ha IH, Lee JH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2025)

94% Acupuncture Utilization Rate
82,345 subjects Participants

Korean medicine treatment utilization for degenerative knee osteoarthritis is continuously increasing.

View Source 2025
Cross-Sectional Knee Pain

Korean Medicine Treatment Utilization Patterns in Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: Big Data Analysis from Health Insurance

Won DJ, Ha IH, Lee JH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2025)
94% Acupuncture Utilization Rate
82,345 subjects Participants

Summary

Korean medicine treatment utilization patterns of 82,345 patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis from 2019 to 2024 were analyzed using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service big data. Acupuncture treatment utilization was highest at 94%, and the herbal medicine combination rate showed an increasing trend by year.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment utilization for degenerative knee osteoarthritis is continuously increasing.

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Narrative Review Knee Pain

Narrative Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Meniscal Injury

Ko SJ, Yoo JE, Park JB, et al.

Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy (2022)

15 studies Analyzed Studies
Promising Evidence Evaluation

Korean medicine treatment is a promising treatment option for conservative management of meniscal injuries.

View Source 2022
Narrative Review Knee Pain

Narrative Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Meniscal Injury

Ko SJ, Yoo JE, Park JB, et al. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy (2022)
15 studies Analyzed Studies
Promising Evidence Evaluation

Summary

The current status and evidence of Korean medicine conservative treatment for meniscal injury were narratively reviewed. Acupuncture treatment, herbal medicine, and chuna therapy are used as main interventions and showed positive results in surgery avoidance rates and functional recovery.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment is a promising treatment option for conservative management of meniscal injuries.

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Cohort Study Knee Pain

Safety Profile of Korean Medicine Combined Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: A Large-Scale Cohort

Sung SH, Kim KO, Lim JH, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)

6.2% Adverse Reaction Rate
1,500 subjects Participants

Korean medicine combined treatment shows high safety in patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

View Source 2025
Cohort Study Knee Pain

Safety Profile of Korean Medicine Combined Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: A Large-Scale Cohort

Sung SH, Kim KO, Lim JH, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)
6.2% Adverse Reaction Rate
1,500 subjects Participants

Summary

Korean medicine combined treatment (acupuncture, herbal medicine, chuna, Korean medicine physical therapy) was administered to 1,500 patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis, and adverse reactions were systematically monitored for 24 weeks. Overall adverse reaction incidence was 6.2%, and serious adverse reactions were only 0.3%.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine combined treatment shows high safety in patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

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Systematic Review Neck Pain

Effect of Acupuncture Treatment for Cervical Pain Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kim SH, Park JW, Lee MK, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)

78% Pain Reduction Rate
1,248 subjects Participants

Acupuncture treatment is an effective and safe treatment for cervical pain management, showing superior results when combined with existing treatments.

View Source 2023
Systematic Review Neck Pain

Effect of Acupuncture Treatment for Cervical Pain Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kim SH, Park JW, Lee MK, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)
78% Pain Reduction Rate
1,248 subjects Participants

Summary

Eighteen randomized controlled trials targeting 1,248 cervical pain patients were systematically analyzed. The acupuncture treatment group showed significant reduction in VAS pain scores compared with the control group, and Neck Disability Index (NDI) also improved. Treatment effects were shown to persist for more than 4 weeks.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture treatment is an effective and safe treatment for cervical pain management, showing superior results when combined with existing treatments.

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RCT Neck Pain

Clinical Effect of Chuna Therapy for Cervical Disc Herniation Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee JH, Choi YJ, Shin BC, et al.

Spine (2022)

82% Pain Reduction Rate
86 subjects Participants

Chuna therapy has significant effects on pain reduction and functional recovery in cervical disc herniation patients.

View Source 2022
RCT Neck Pain

Clinical Effect of Chuna Therapy for Cervical Disc Herniation Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee JH, Choi YJ, Shin BC, et al. Spine (2022)
82% Pain Reduction Rate
86 subjects Participants

Summary

Eighty-six patients diagnosed with cervical disc herniation were randomly assigned to chuna therapy and physical therapy groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, cervical ROM significantly increased in the chuna therapy group, and pain intensity and functional disability scores improved more substantially compared with the control group.

Key Conclusion

Chuna therapy has significant effects on pain reduction and functional recovery in cervical disc herniation patients.

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Before-After Neck Pain

Effect of Korean Medicine Combined Treatment for Forward Head Posture Syndrome Patients: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Park MJ, Kim DH, Yoon SW, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)

74% Posture Improvement Rate
64 subjects Participants

Korean medicine combined treatment is effective for structural and functional improvement of forward head posture syndrome.

View Source 2021
Before-After Neck Pain

Effect of Korean Medicine Combined Treatment for Forward Head Posture Syndrome Patients: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Park MJ, Kim DH, Yoon SW, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)
74% Posture Improvement Rate
64 subjects Participants

Summary

Combined Korean medicine treatment including acupuncture treatment, chuna therapy, and Korean medicine physical therapy was administered for 6 weeks to 64 office workers diagnosed with forward head posture syndrome. After treatment, cervical lordosis angle increased significantly, and VAS and NDI scores decreased substantially.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine combined treatment is effective for structural and functional improvement of forward head posture syndrome.

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Cohort Study Neck Pain

Effect of Pharmacopuncture Treatment for Straight Neck Patients: A Cohort Study

Cho HJ, Jung SY, Han CH, et al.

Acupuncture in Medicine (2023)

71% Cervical Curvature Improvement Rate
152 subjects Participants

Pharmacopuncture treatment shows superior effects to regular acupuncture treatment in structural correction and pain management for straight neck patients.

View Source 2023
Cohort Study Neck Pain

Effect of Pharmacopuncture Treatment for Straight Neck Patients: A Cohort Study

Cho HJ, Jung SY, Han CH, et al. Acupuncture in Medicine (2023)
71% Cervical Curvature Improvement Rate
152 subjects Participants

Summary

One hundred fifty-two patients diagnosed with straight neck were divided into pharmacopuncture treatment and regular acupuncture treatment groups and followed for 12 weeks. The pharmacopuncture treatment group showed faster cervical curvature recovery and significantly lower pain recurrence rates.

Key Conclusion

Pharmacopuncture treatment shows superior effects to regular acupuncture treatment in structural correction and pain management for straight neck patients.

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Systematic Review Neck Pain

Systematic Review of Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture in Cervical Disc Herniation Patients

Yoo JH, Kim TH, Lim CS, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

68% Inflammatory Marker Reduction Rate
874 subjects Total Participants

Bee venom pharmacopuncture has significant effects on inflammatory response regulation in cervical disc herniation and can be considered as a non-surgical treatment option.

View Source 2024
Systematic Review Neck Pain

Systematic Review of Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture in Cervical Disc Herniation Patients

Yoo JH, Kim TH, Lim CS, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
68% Inflammatory Marker Reduction Rate
874 subjects Total Participants

Summary

Twelve studies investigating the anti-inflammatory effect of bee venom pharmacopuncture treatment for cervical disc herniation were systematically analyzed. Bee venom pharmacopuncture significantly reduced inflammatory markers such as CRP and IL-6, and was also effective for relieving nerve root compression symptoms.

Key Conclusion

Bee venom pharmacopuncture has significant effects on inflammatory response regulation in cervical disc herniation and can be considered as a non-surgical treatment option.

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RCT Neck Pain

Effect of Combined Acupuncture and Korean Medicine Physical Therapy for Acute Cervical Sprain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Seo BK, Lim SH, Park YC, et al.

Pain Medicine (2022)

87% Pain Reduction Rate
108 subjects Participants

The combination of acupuncture and Korean medicine physical therapy is a more effective and safer alternative than drug treatment in acute cervical sprain.

View Source 2022
RCT Neck Pain

Effect of Combined Acupuncture and Korean Medicine Physical Therapy for Acute Cervical Sprain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Seo BK, Lim SH, Park YC, et al. Pain Medicine (2022)
87% Pain Reduction Rate
108 subjects Participants

Summary

One hundred eight patients with acute cervical sprain were assigned to combined acupuncture + Korean medicine physical therapy and anti-inflammatory analgesic alone groups. After 4 weeks, pain reduction and cervical function recovery were significantly superior in the combined treatment group, with lower side effect incidence.

Key Conclusion

The combination of acupuncture and Korean medicine physical therapy is a more effective and safer alternative than drug treatment in acute cervical sprain.

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Meta-Analysis Neck Pain

Long-Term Effect of Chuna Therapy for Chronic Cervical Pain: A Meta-Analysis

Hwang EH, Kim KW, Nam DH, et al.

The Journal of Pain (2023)

76% Effective Rate
2,156 subjects Total Participants

Chuna therapy is an effective treatment with moderate or higher evidence for pain and functional disability improvement in chronic cervical pain patients.

View Source 2023
Meta-Analysis Neck Pain

Long-Term Effect of Chuna Therapy for Chronic Cervical Pain: A Meta-Analysis

Hwang EH, Kim KW, Nam DH, et al. The Journal of Pain (2023)
76% Effective Rate
2,156 subjects Total Participants

Summary

Twenty-two RCTs evaluating the effect of chuna therapy in chronic cervical pain patients were meta-analyzed. Chuna therapy showed significant improvements in pain intensity (SMD=-0.84), cervical disability (SMD=-0.72), and quality of life (SMD=0.65).

Key Conclusion

Chuna therapy is an effective treatment with moderate or higher evidence for pain and functional disability improvement in chronic cervical pain patients.

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