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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Total 1642 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Meta-Analysis Lower Back Pain

Dose-Response Relationship Between Acupuncture Frequency and Treatment Effect in Low Back Pain Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Byun KS, Heo WJ, Shin YM, et al.

Pain Medicine (2025)

2x/week Optimal Treatment Frequency
2,450 subjects Number of Participants

Acupuncture twice weekly or more demonstrated significantly superior pain reduction effects compared to once weekly, while no significant difference was observed between twice and three times weekly.

View Source 2025
Meta-Analysis Lower Back Pain

Dose-Response Relationship Between Acupuncture Frequency and Treatment Effect in Low Back Pain Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Byun KS, Heo WJ, Shin YM, et al. Pain Medicine (2025)
2x/week Optimal Treatment Frequency
2,450 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

The dose-response relationship between acupuncture frequency (1x/week vs 2x/week vs 3x/week) and treatment effect was analyzed for low back pain. A total of 21 studies were included for meta-regression analysis.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture twice weekly or more demonstrated significantly superior pain reduction effects compared to once weekly, while no significant difference was observed between twice and three times weekly.

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Cohort Study Lower Back Pain

Surgery Conversion Rate After Korean Medicine Combination Therapy in Spinal Stenosis Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study

Ahn JW, Lee DS, Chung HY, et al.

European Spine Journal (2024)

12% 2-Year Surgery Conversion Rate
300 subjects Number of Participants

The 2-year surgery conversion rate of spinal stenosis patients receiving Korean medicine combination therapy was 12%, confirming the efficacy of conservative management.

View Source 2024
Cohort Study Lower Back Pain

Surgery Conversion Rate After Korean Medicine Combination Therapy in Spinal Stenosis Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study

Ahn JW, Lee DS, Chung HY, et al. European Spine Journal (2024)
12% 2-Year Surgery Conversion Rate
300 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

Three hundred patients diagnosed with spinal stenosis were recruited from three Korean medicine hospitals to receive combined Korean medicine treatment and were followed for 2 years. Surgery conversion rate, walking function, and quality of life changes were analyzed.

Key Conclusion

The 2-year surgery conversion rate of spinal stenosis patients receiving Korean medicine combination therapy was 12%, confirming the efficacy of conservative management.

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Systematic Review Lower Back Pain

Effect of Moxibustion on Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review

Yeo SH, Kim HK, Park JY, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2024)

63% Average Pain Reduction Rate
16 studies Number of Reviewed Studies

Moxibustion is effective for low back pain relief, with indirect moxibustion showing the best results in pain reduction and patient compliance.

View Source 2024
Systematic Review Lower Back Pain

Effect of Moxibustion on Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review

Yeo SH, Kim HK, Park JY, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2024)
63% Average Pain Reduction Rate
16 studies Number of Reviewed Studies

Summary

Clinical studies analyzing the effects of moxibustion for low back pain were systematically reviewed. The effects of various moxibustion methods including direct, indirect, and warm moxibustion were analyzed separately.

Key Conclusion

Moxibustion is effective for low back pain relief, with indirect moxibustion showing the best results in pain reduction and patient compliance.

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Case Study Lower Back Pain

Effect of Korean Medicine Treatment on Spontaneous Resorption of Disc Herniation: A Case Report

Lim BS, Won JH, Kang SY, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2024)

70% Disc Resorption Observation Rate
10 subjects Number of Participants

Significant reduction in disc herniation size on MRI was observed in 7 of 10 patients, suggesting the possibility that Korean medicine treatment may promote spontaneous resorption.

View Source 2024
Case Study Lower Back Pain

Effect of Korean Medicine Treatment on Spontaneous Resorption of Disc Herniation: A Case Report

Lim BS, Won JH, Kang SY, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2024)
70% Disc Resorption Observation Rate
10 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

Combined Korean medicine treatment including herbal medicine, acupuncture, and chuna was administered for 6 months to 10 patients with lumbar disc herniation, with MRI follow-up. Changes in disc herniation size and clinical symptom improvement were recorded.

Key Conclusion

Significant reduction in disc herniation size on MRI was observed in 7 of 10 patients, suggesting the possibility that Korean medicine treatment may promote spontaneous resorption.

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Before-After Lower Back Pain

Biomechanical Analysis of Lumbar Segmental Mobility Recovery by Chuna Manipulation

Go YH, Choi WS, Baek MJ, et al.

Spine (2022)

28% ROM Improvement
50 subjects Number of Participants

Chuna manipulation significantly restored lumbar segmental mobility, with prominent improvements in rotation and lateral bending ranges.

View Source 2022
Before-After Lower Back Pain

Biomechanical Analysis of Lumbar Segmental Mobility Recovery by Chuna Manipulation

Go YH, Choi WS, Baek MJ, et al. Spine (2022)
28% ROM Improvement
50 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

Three-dimensional motion analysis was performed before and after chuna manipulation in 50 patients with restricted lumbar mobility. Changes in lumbar flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation ranges were quantitatively measured.

Key Conclusion

Chuna manipulation significantly restored lumbar segmental mobility, with prominent improvements in rotation and lateral bending ranges.

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Before-After Lower Back Pain

Effect of Dry Needling on Lumbar Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Song MJ, Kim DW, Lee GH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)

71% Pain Reduction Rate
65 subjects Number of Participants

Dry needling demonstrated significant effects on pain reduction and range of motion improvement in lumbar myofascial pain syndrome.

View Source 2023
Before-After Lower Back Pain

Effect of Dry Needling on Lumbar Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Song MJ, Kim DW, Lee GH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)
71% Pain Reduction Rate
65 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

Dry needling was administered to active trigger points in 65 patients diagnosed with lumbar myofascial pain syndrome over 6 weeks. Pressure pain threshold, VAS pain scores, and ROM were compared before and after treatment.

Key Conclusion

Dry needling demonstrated significant effects on pain reduction and range of motion improvement in lumbar myofascial pain syndrome.

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Cohort Study Lower Back Pain

Pain and Functional Improvement Effect of Dokhwalgisaeng-tang in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Noh SH, Jeon WK, Yim TH, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022)

66% Pain Improvement Rate
150 subjects Number of Participants

Dokhwalgisaeng-tang demonstrated similar pain reduction effects to NSAIDs with fewer side effects.

View Source 2022
Cohort Study Lower Back Pain

Pain and Functional Improvement Effect of Dokhwalgisaeng-tang in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Noh SH, Jeon WK, Yim TH, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022)
66% Pain Improvement Rate
150 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

One hundred fifty patients with chronic low back pain were compared between a Dokhwalgisaeng-tang group and an NSAID group over 8 weeks. NRS, ODI, and SF-36 quality of life scales were evaluated.

Key Conclusion

Dokhwalgisaeng-tang demonstrated similar pain reduction effects to NSAIDs with fewer side effects.

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Meta-Analysis Lower Back Pain

Effect of Acupuncture on Sciatica: A Meta-Analysis

Han YW, Kim SJ, Park BK, et al.

Pain Medicine (2023)

2.8 points VAS Reduction
1,890 subjects Number of Participants

Acupuncture demonstrated effects equivalent to or superior to medication for pain reduction in sciatica patients.

View Source 2023
Meta-Analysis Lower Back Pain

Effect of Acupuncture on Sciatica: A Meta-Analysis

Han YW, Kim SJ, Park BK, et al. Pain Medicine (2023)
2.8 points VAS Reduction
1,890 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

A total of 17 randomized controlled trials analyzing the effect of acupuncture on sciatica were meta-analyzed. VAS scores, lower extremity radicular pain improvement rate, and functional recovery rate were compared between the acupuncture group and the medication control group.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture demonstrated effects equivalent to or superior to medication for pain reduction in sciatica patients.

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RCT Lower Back Pain

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture in Lumbar Disc Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chung WK, Bae HJ, Son YJ, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)

41% CRP Reduction Rate
100 subjects Number of Participants

Shinbaro pharmacopuncture demonstrated significant effects in reducing inflammatory markers along with pain improvement in lumbar disc patients.

View Source 2024
RCT Lower Back Pain

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture in Lumbar Disc Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chung WK, Bae HJ, Son YJ, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)
41% CRP Reduction Rate
100 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

One hundred lumbar disc patients were assigned to a Shinbaro pharmacopuncture treatment group or a placebo pharmacopuncture control group. Inflammatory markers including CRP and IL-6, along with pain and functional disability, were evaluated over 8 weeks.

Key Conclusion

Shinbaro pharmacopuncture demonstrated significant effects in reducing inflammatory markers along with pain improvement in lumbar disc patients.

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Systematic Review Lower Back Pain

Non-Surgical Korean Medicine Treatment for Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review

Ryu KJ, Lee YH, Min DS, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2021)

71% Symptom Improvement Rate
1,650 subjects Number of Participants

Non-surgical Korean medicine treatment is effective for the conservative management of spinal stenosis and can serve as a treatment alternative in pre-surgical stages.

View Source 2021
Systematic Review Lower Back Pain

Non-Surgical Korean Medicine Treatment for Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review

Ryu KJ, Lee YH, Min DS, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2021)
71% Symptom Improvement Rate
1,650 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

The efficacy of non-surgical Korean medicine treatment (herbal medicine, acupuncture, chuna, pharmacopuncture) for spinal stenosis was systematically analyzed. A total of 19 studies were included to evaluate treatment efficacy and safety.

Key Conclusion

Non-surgical Korean medicine treatment is effective for the conservative management of spinal stenosis and can serve as a treatment alternative in pre-surgical stages.

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Cross-Sectional Lower Back Pain

Korean Medicine Healthcare Utilization Patterns and Satisfaction Among Low Back Pain Patients: A National Cross-Sectional Survey

Yang MK, Jung BH, Oh SY, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

87% Treatment Satisfaction
1,500 subjects Number of Participants

Satisfaction with Korean medicine care among low back pain patients was high, with the highest preferences shown for acupuncture and chuna manipulation.

View Source 2024
Cross-Sectional Lower Back Pain

Korean Medicine Healthcare Utilization Patterns and Satisfaction Among Low Back Pain Patients: A National Cross-Sectional Survey

Yang MK, Jung BH, Oh SY, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
87% Treatment Satisfaction
1,500 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

Healthcare utilization patterns, treatment satisfaction, and revisit intention were investigated in 1,500 adults who visited Korean medicine institutions for low back pain in the past year. Online surveys and in-person interviews were conducted in parallel.

Key Conclusion

Satisfaction with Korean medicine care among low back pain patients was high, with the highest preferences shown for acupuncture and chuna manipulation.

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Before-After Lower Back Pain

Effect of Combined Chuna Manipulation and Exercise Therapy on Chronic Low Back Pain Recurrence Prevention: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Im CH, Baek SJ, Song HG, et al.

European Spine Journal (2022)

22% 6-Month Recurrence Rate
85 subjects Number of Participants

The combination of chuna manipulation and exercise therapy showed significant effects not only on pain reduction but also on 6-month recurrence rate reduction.

View Source 2022
Before-After Lower Back Pain

Effect of Combined Chuna Manipulation and Exercise Therapy on Chronic Low Back Pain Recurrence Prevention: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Im CH, Baek SJ, Song HG, et al. European Spine Journal (2022)
22% 6-Month Recurrence Rate
85 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

Eighty-five patients with chronic low back pain underwent 12 weeks of combined chuna manipulation and core stabilization exercise. Pain, functional disability, and core muscle strength were evaluated before and after treatment, and recurrence rates were tracked at 6 months.

Key Conclusion

The combination of chuna manipulation and exercise therapy showed significant effects not only on pain reduction but also on 6-month recurrence rate reduction.

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