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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 55 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Narrative Review Wellness / Restoration

Review of Temporal Changes in Herbal Prescription Patterns and Development of Evidence-Based Korean Medicine

Chae H, Lee SJ, Shin MK, et al.

Integrative Medicine Research (2022)

428 papers Papers Analyzed
32 years Analysis Period
3-fold increase in personalized research Major Trend

Herbal prescription research is evolving toward personalization and evidence-based approaches, with this trend contributing to clinical efficacy improvement.

View Source 2022
Narrative Review Wellness / Restoration

Review of Temporal Changes in Herbal Prescription Patterns and Development of Evidence-Based Korean Medicine

Chae H, Lee SJ, Shin MK, et al. Integrative Medicine Research (2022)
428 papers Papers Analyzed
32 years Analysis Period
3-fold increase in personalized research Major Trend

Summary

Changes in prescription patterns of herbal medicine clinical research published from 1990 to 2022 were analyzed, and the development direction of evidence-based Korean medicine was reviewed. A clear shift from single-prescription research to personalized prescription research was observed.

Key Conclusion

Herbal prescription research is evolving toward personalization and evidence-based approaches, with this trend contributing to clinical efficacy improvement.

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Cross-Sectional Wellness / Restoration

Cross-Sectional Survey on Incidence of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events and Risk Factors After Herbal Prescription

Sung SH, Han GJ, Kim JH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)

3,200 subjects Surveyed
8.7% Adverse Event Incidence
Mild severity Adverse Event Severity

Most gastrointestinal adverse events of herbal prescriptions are mild, and advanced age and pre-existing digestive disorders were identified as risk factors.

View Source 2023
Cross-Sectional Wellness / Restoration

Cross-Sectional Survey on Incidence of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events and Risk Factors After Herbal Prescription

Sung SH, Han GJ, Kim JH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)
3,200 subjects Surveyed
8.7% Adverse Event Incidence
Mild severity Adverse Event Severity

Summary

Three thousand two hundred patients receiving herbal prescriptions were surveyed on gastrointestinal adverse event incidence and related risk factors. The overall adverse event incidence was 8.7%, with most being mild digestive disturbances.

Key Conclusion

Most gastrointestinal adverse events of herbal prescriptions are mild, and advanced age and pre-existing digestive disorders were identified as risk factors.

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Cohort Study Wellness / Restoration

Effect of Adjunctive Herbal Treatment for Hypothyroidism: A Prospective Cohort Study

Lim EM, Kim YK, Jung WS, et al.

Thyroid (2025)

75 subjects Participants
Residual symptoms 48% improvement Symptom Relief
TPO-Ab reduction Autoimmune Stabilization

Personalized herbal medicine can be utilized as adjunctive therapy for managing residual symptoms in hypothyroid patients on levothyroxine treatment.

View Source 2025
Cohort Study Wellness / Restoration

Effect of Adjunctive Herbal Treatment for Hypothyroidism: A Prospective Cohort Study

Lim EM, Kim YK, Jung WS, et al. Thyroid (2025)
75 subjects Participants
Residual symptoms 48% improvement Symptom Relief
TPO-Ab reduction Autoimmune Stabilization

Summary

Seventy-five hypothyroid patients with residual symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and constipation received personalized herbal medicine in combination with levothyroxine. Residual symptoms significantly improved and thyroid autoantibody levels stabilized.

Key Conclusion

Personalized herbal medicine can be utilized as adjunctive therapy for managing residual symptoms in hypothyroid patients on levothyroxine treatment.

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Narrative Review Wellness / Restoration

Narrative Review on the Immunosenescence-Delaying Effects of Tonic Herbal Prescriptions

Kwon SH, Lee GM, Zhang H, et al.

Ageing Research Reviews (2023)

52 sources Analyzed Literature
Telomere protection Major Mechanism
Immunosenescence delay Core Effect

Tonic herbal prescriptions possess multiple mechanisms for delaying immunosenescence and have high utility value in an aging society.

View Source 2023
Narrative Review Wellness / Restoration

Narrative Review on the Immunosenescence-Delaying Effects of Tonic Herbal Prescriptions

Kwon SH, Lee GM, Zhang H, et al. Ageing Research Reviews (2023)
52 sources Analyzed Literature
Telomere protection Major Mechanism
Immunosenescence delay Core Effect

Summary

A comprehensive review of basic and clinical research literature on the immunosenescence-suppressing effects of tonic herbal medicine. Mechanisms including telomere length maintenance, thymic involution suppression, and naive T cell ratio preservation were reported.

Key Conclusion

Tonic herbal prescriptions possess multiple mechanisms for delaying immunosenescence and have high utility value in an aging society.

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Cross-Sectional Wellness / Restoration

Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate Drug Interaction Risks of Herbal Prescriptions

Yang DH, Seo HS, Lee SY, et al.

Drug Safety (2023)

10 herbal Evaluated Prescriptions
20 Western drugs Co-administered Drugs
2 caution combinations Confirmed Interactions

Common herbal prescriptions have low risk of drug interactions with Western medications, although caution is needed for specific combinations.

View Source 2023
Cross-Sectional Wellness / Restoration

Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate Drug Interaction Risks of Herbal Prescriptions

Yang DH, Seo HS, Lee SY, et al. Drug Safety (2023)
10 herbal Evaluated Prescriptions
20 Western drugs Co-administered Drugs
2 caution combinations Confirmed Interactions

Summary

Pharmacokinetic interactions between 10 commonly used herbal prescriptions and 20 frequently co-administered Western medications were evaluated through CYP450 enzyme inhibition experiments. Most herbal prescriptions showed low risk of clinically significant drug interactions.

Key Conclusion

Common herbal prescriptions have low risk of drug interactions with Western medications, although caution is needed for specific combinations.

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Cross-Sectional Wellness / Restoration

Big Data Analysis of Korean Medicine Pattern Differentiation Classification and Herbal Prescription Patterns

Kim MH, Shin JC, Wang Y, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)

25,000 records Analyzed Data
50 clinics Participating Clinics
12 pattern types Classification Patterns

Big data analysis can objectify herbal prescription patterns and strengthen the evidence base for personalized prescriptions.

View Source 2023
Cross-Sectional Wellness / Restoration

Big Data Analysis of Korean Medicine Pattern Differentiation Classification and Herbal Prescription Patterns

Kim MH, Shin JC, Wang Y, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)
25,000 records Analyzed Data
50 clinics Participating Clinics
12 pattern types Classification Patterns

Summary

Twenty-five thousand consultation records from 50 Korean medicine clinics nationwide were analyzed to identify herbal prescription patterns according to pattern differentiation classification. The most frequent prescriptions and herbal combinations were derived for major patterns including qi deficiency, blood deficiency, yin deficiency, and yang deficiency.

Key Conclusion

Big data analysis can objectify herbal prescription patterns and strengthen the evidence base for personalized prescriptions.

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Cohort Study Wellness / Restoration

Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study on Liver Safety of Herbal Prescriptions

Lee SG, Jang MH, Kim WJ, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)

8,500 subjects Analyzed
0.24% Liver Injury Incidence
3+ months Administration Period

Long-term use of herbal prescriptions ensures liver safety in most patients, and regular monitoring is recommended.

View Source 2023
Cohort Study Wellness / Restoration

Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study on Liver Safety of Herbal Prescriptions

Lee SG, Jang MH, Kim WJ, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)
8,500 subjects Analyzed
0.24% Liver Injury Incidence
3+ months Administration Period

Summary

Liver function test results of 8,500 patients who took herbal prescriptions for 3 months or longer were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of clinically significant liver injury (ALT>3×ULN) was very low at 0.24%.

Key Conclusion

Long-term use of herbal prescriptions ensures liver safety in most patients, and regular monitoring is recommended.

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Cross-Sectional Wellness / Restoration

Development of a Machine Learning-Based Constitutional Classification Model for Personalized Herbal Prescriptions

Shin AS, Jeon YJ, Choi KH, et al.

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (2024)

5,000 subjects Training Data
92.3% Classification Accuracy
AUC 0.96 Model Performance

Machine learning-based constitutional classification models can contribute to the standardization and precision of personalized herbal prescriptions.

View Source 2024
Cross-Sectional Wellness / Restoration

Development of a Machine Learning-Based Constitutional Classification Model for Personalized Herbal Prescriptions

Shin AS, Jeon YJ, Choi KH, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (2024)
5,000 subjects Training Data
92.3% Classification Accuracy
AUC 0.96 Model Performance

Summary

Random Forest and XGBoost-based constitutional classification models were developed using clinical data from 5,000 Korean medicine consultations. The integrated model based on pulse, tongue, and inquiry data classified Sasang constitutions with 92.3% accuracy.

Key Conclusion

Machine learning-based constitutional classification models can contribute to the standardization and precision of personalized herbal prescriptions.

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Before-After Wellness / Restoration

Therapeutic Effect of Pulse-Diagnosis-Based Herbal Prescriptions on Hyperhidrosis and Autonomic Nervous System Regulation

Cho AR, Lee IS, Jang JG, et al.

Autonomic Neuroscience (2024)

60 subjects Participants
Sweat volume 38% reduction Symptom Improvement
LF/HF ratio normalization Autonomic Improvement

Pulse-diagnosis-based herbal prescriptions effectively improve hyperhidrosis symptoms through autonomic nervous system balance restoration.

View Source 2024
Before-After Wellness / Restoration

Therapeutic Effect of Pulse-Diagnosis-Based Herbal Prescriptions on Hyperhidrosis and Autonomic Nervous System Regulation

Cho AR, Lee IS, Jang JG, et al. Autonomic Neuroscience (2024)
60 subjects Participants
Sweat volume 38% reduction Symptom Improvement
LF/HF ratio normalization Autonomic Improvement

Summary

Sixty patients with hyperhidrosis received pulse-diagnosis-related herbal prescriptions, and sweat volume measurement and heart rate variability analysis were performed. Sympathetic hyperactivity significantly decreased and sweat volume reduced.

Key Conclusion

Pulse-diagnosis-based herbal prescriptions effectively improve hyperhidrosis symptoms through autonomic nervous system balance restoration.

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Meta-Analysis Wellness / Restoration

Meta-Analysis of Sarcopenia Prevention Effect of Herbal Tonifying Prescriptions

Jang SB, Lee JA, Shin YC, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2025)

19% Muscle strength improvement rate
480 patients Total participants

Tonifying herbal medicine is effective for sarcopenia prevention and may contribute to extending healthy lifespan in the elderly.

View Source 2025
Meta-Analysis Wellness / Restoration

Meta-Analysis of Sarcopenia Prevention Effect of Herbal Tonifying Prescriptions

Jang SB, Lee JA, Shin YC, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2025)
19% Muscle strength improvement rate
480 patients Total participants

Summary

A meta-analysis evaluating sarcopenia prevention effects of herbal tonifying prescriptions. Analysis of 8 studies showed significant improvements in muscle mass, muscle strength, and walking speed in the tonifying herbal medicine administration group.

Key Conclusion

Tonifying herbal medicine is effective for sarcopenia prevention and may contribute to extending healthy lifespan in the elderly.

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Cohort Study Wellness / Restoration

Changes in Health Indicators After Korean Medicine Tonifying Treatment in Chronic Disease Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Yang CS, Kwon SJ, Park HJ, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2025)

40% Health indicator improvement rate
90 patients Participants

Korean medicine tonifying treatment contributes to health indicator improvement and overall health status enhancement in chronic disease patients.

View Source 2025
Cohort Study Wellness / Restoration

Changes in Health Indicators After Korean Medicine Tonifying Treatment in Chronic Disease Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Yang CS, Kwon SJ, Park HJ, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2025)
40% Health indicator improvement rate
90 patients Participants

Summary

A prospective cohort study combining Korean medicine tonifying treatment for 6 months and tracking health indicators in 90 patients with chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes). Improvements appeared in blood pressure, blood glucose, body mass index, and fatigue.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine tonifying treatment contributes to health indicator improvement and overall health status enhancement in chronic disease patients.

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Before-After Wellness / Restoration

Immune-Enhancing and Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Effects of Moxibustion: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Oh MS, Kang JW, Lee HJ, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)

32% NK cell activity increase
45 patients Participants

Moxibustion is an effective Korean medicine tonifying treatment for immune enhancement and autonomic balance recovery.

View Source 2023
Before-After Wellness / Restoration

Immune-Enhancing and Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Effects of Moxibustion: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Oh MS, Kang JW, Lee HJ, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)
32% NK cell activity increase
45 patients Participants

Summary

Moxibustion at CV4 and ST36 was performed for 8 weeks in 45 adults complaining of immune decline, with pre-post comparison of immune indicators and autonomic function. NK cell activity and parasympathetic activity significantly increased.

Key Conclusion

Moxibustion is an effective Korean medicine tonifying treatment for immune enhancement and autonomic balance recovery.

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