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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 53 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Meta-Analysis Knee Pain

Effectiveness of acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lin X, Huang K, Zhu G, et al.

JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

WOMAC Pain -2.3 Pain Index Improvement
NNT 5 Number Needed to Treat

Acupuncture is effective for pain management and functional improvement in knee osteoarthritis, and represents a high-evidence treatment modality as an adjunct to conventional conservative care.

View Source 2016
Meta-Analysis Knee Pain

Effectiveness of acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lin X, Huang K, Zhu G, et al. JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)
WOMAC Pain -2.3 Pain Index Improvement
NNT 5 Number Needed to Treat

Summary

A large-scale meta-analysis of acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis. Acupuncture was confirmed to provide clinically meaningful improvement in pain and physical function.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture is effective for pain management and functional improvement in knee osteoarthritis, and represents a high-evidence treatment modality as an adjunct to conventional conservative care.

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Cohort Study Knee Pain

Anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of herbal medicine for knee osteoarthritis

Park YJ, Kim KS, Lee JH, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2019)

TNF-α 38%↓ Inflammatory Marker Reduction
Col-II Expression↑ Cartilage Synthesis Promoted

Herbal prescriptions suppress inflammatory responses and slow cartilage tissue degeneration in knee osteoarthritis, and may be applied as a long-term joint protection strategy.

View Source 2019
Cohort Study Knee Pain

Anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of herbal medicine for knee osteoarthritis

Park YJ, Kim KS, Lee JH, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2019)
TNF-α 38%↓ Inflammatory Marker Reduction
Col-II Expression↑ Cartilage Synthesis Promoted

Summary

A study analyzing whether herbal prescriptions like Bangpungtongseong-san and Dokhwal Gisaeng-tang show anti-inflammatory and cartilage-protective effects in knee osteoarthritis models. Cartilage destruction markers significantly decreased in herbal-treated groups.

Key Conclusion

Herbal prescriptions suppress inflammatory responses and slow cartilage tissue degeneration in knee osteoarthritis, and may be applied as a long-term joint protection strategy.

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RCT Knee Pain

Effect of bee-venom pharmacopuncture on degenerative knee arthritis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Kwon YD, Lee SH, Park JE, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)

64% WOMAC Improvement Rate
51% Joint Swelling Reduction
96 Patients Double-Blind Participants

Bee-venom pharmacopuncture significantly improved pain, stiffness, and functional limitation in degenerative knee arthritis, and may be utilized as an alternative therapy to conventional anti-inflammatory agents.

View Source 2023
RCT Knee Pain

Effect of bee-venom pharmacopuncture on degenerative knee arthritis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Kwon YD, Lee SH, Park JE, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)
64% WOMAC Improvement Rate
51% Joint Swelling Reduction
96 Patients Double-Blind Participants

Summary

A 12-week double-blind comparison of bee-venom pharmacopuncture vs. placebo (saline) in 96 patients with degenerative knee arthritis. The bee-venom group showed an average 64% improvement in WOMAC scores and a 51% reduction in joint swelling.

Key Conclusion

Bee-venom pharmacopuncture significantly improved pain, stiffness, and functional limitation in degenerative knee arthritis, and may be utilized as an alternative therapy to conventional anti-inflammatory agents.

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Cohort Study Knee Pain

Safety Profile of Korean Medicine Combined Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: A Large-Scale Cohort

Sung SH, Kim KO, Lim JH, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)

6.2% Adverse Reaction Rate
1,500 subjects Participants

Korean medicine combined treatment shows high safety in patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

View Source 2025
Cohort Study Knee Pain

Safety Profile of Korean Medicine Combined Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: A Large-Scale Cohort

Sung SH, Kim KO, Lim JH, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)
6.2% Adverse Reaction Rate
1,500 subjects Participants

Summary

Korean medicine combined treatment (acupuncture, herbal medicine, chuna, Korean medicine physical therapy) was administered to 1,500 patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis, and adverse reactions were systematically monitored for 24 weeks. Overall adverse reaction incidence was 6.2%, and serious adverse reactions were only 0.3%.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine combined treatment shows high safety in patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

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Narrative Review Knee Pain

Narrative Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Meniscal Injury

Ko SJ, Yoo JE, Park JB, et al.

Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy (2022)

15 studies Analyzed Studies
Promising Evidence Evaluation

Korean medicine treatment is a promising treatment option for conservative management of meniscal injuries.

View Source 2022
Narrative Review Knee Pain

Narrative Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Meniscal Injury

Ko SJ, Yoo JE, Park JB, et al. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy (2022)
15 studies Analyzed Studies
Promising Evidence Evaluation

Summary

The current status and evidence of Korean medicine conservative treatment for meniscal injury were narratively reviewed. Acupuncture treatment, herbal medicine, and chuna therapy are used as main interventions and showed positive results in surgery avoidance rates and functional recovery.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment is a promising treatment option for conservative management of meniscal injuries.

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Cross-Sectional Knee Pain

Korean Medicine Treatment Utilization Patterns in Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: Big Data Analysis from Health Insurance

Won DJ, Ha IH, Lee JH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2025)

94% Acupuncture Utilization Rate
82,345 subjects Participants

Korean medicine treatment utilization for degenerative knee osteoarthritis is continuously increasing.

View Source 2025
Cross-Sectional Knee Pain

Korean Medicine Treatment Utilization Patterns in Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: Big Data Analysis from Health Insurance

Won DJ, Ha IH, Lee JH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2025)
94% Acupuncture Utilization Rate
82,345 subjects Participants

Summary

Korean medicine treatment utilization patterns of 82,345 patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis from 2019 to 2024 were analyzed using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service big data. Acupuncture treatment utilization was highest at 94%, and the herbal medicine combination rate showed an increasing trend by year.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment utilization for degenerative knee osteoarthritis is continuously increasing.

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RCT Knee Pain

Comparison of Electroacupuncture and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Lee JH, Shin JS, Ha IH, et al.

Pain Medicine (2021)

75% Pain Reduction Rate
108 subjects Participants

Electroacupuncture is more effective than TENS for pain management in degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

View Source 2021
RCT Knee Pain

Comparison of Electroacupuncture and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Lee JH, Shin JS, Ha IH, et al. Pain Medicine (2021)
75% Pain Reduction Rate
108 subjects Participants

Summary

One hundred eight patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) groups and treated for 6 weeks. The electroacupuncture group showed significantly superior pain reduction and longer effect duration.

Key Conclusion

Electroacupuncture is more effective than TENS for pain management in degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

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Case Study Knee Pain

Effect of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture Treatment After Knee Ligament Injury: A Case Series

Oh HW, Lee BH, Choi JH, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)

100% ≥50% Improvement Rate
7 subjects Participants

Bee venom pharmacopuncture treatment may be useful for managing persistent pain after knee ligament surgery.

View Source 2023
Case Study Knee Pain

Effect of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture Treatment After Knee Ligament Injury: A Case Series

Oh HW, Lee BH, Choi JH, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)
100% ≥50% Improvement Rate
7 subjects Participants

Summary

A case series in which bee venom pharmacopuncture treatment was administered 10 times to 7 patients with persistent pain after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. VAS pain scores decreased by more than 50% in all patients, and analgesic discontinuation was possible in 4 patients.

Key Conclusion

Bee venom pharmacopuncture treatment may be useful for managing persistent pain after knee ligament surgery.

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Narrative Review Knee Pain

Narrative Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: Recent Trends

Shin KM, Lee HY, Park HJ, et al.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2020)

58 studies Analyzed Studies
Increasing Research Trend

Korean medicine treatment is an important pillar of degenerative knee osteoarthritis management, with continuous evidence accumulation.

View Source 2020
Narrative Review Knee Pain

Narrative Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: Recent Trends

Shin KM, Lee HY, Park HJ, et al. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2020)
58 studies Analyzed Studies
Increasing Research Trend

Summary

Recent trends in Korean medicine treatment research for degenerative knee osteoarthritis published between 2015 and 2020 were narratively reviewed. Evidence for acupuncture treatment is most abundant, and interest in the cartilage protective effects of herbal medicine is increasing.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment is an important pillar of degenerative knee osteoarthritis management, with continuous evidence accumulation.

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RCT Knee Pain

Effect of Combined Taping and Acupuncture Treatment for Chondromalacia Patella

Kim EJ, Choi JY, Lim SM, et al.

Acupuncture in Medicine (2022)

73% Functional Pain Reduction
66 subjects Participants

The combination of patellar taping and acupuncture treatment is effective for improving functional pain in chondromalacia.

View Source 2022
RCT Knee Pain

Effect of Combined Taping and Acupuncture Treatment for Chondromalacia Patella

Kim EJ, Choi JY, Lim SM, et al. Acupuncture in Medicine (2022)
73% Functional Pain Reduction
66 subjects Participants

Summary

Sixty-six patients with chondromalacia patella were randomly assigned to taping + acupuncture treatment and acupuncture treatment alone groups and treated for 6 weeks. Stair descent pain and squat pain decreased significantly more in the combination group.

Key Conclusion

The combination of patellar taping and acupuncture treatment is effective for improving functional pain in chondromalacia.

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Before-After Knee Pain

Immunological Effect of Acupuncture Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Jang IS, Kwon OJ, Moon SK, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2021)

Anti-inflammatory shift Immune Change
65 subjects Participants

Acupuncture treatment improves knee osteoarthritis by shifting the intra-articular immune environment toward an anti-inflammatory direction.

View Source 2021
Before-After Knee Pain

Immunological Effect of Acupuncture Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Jang IS, Kwon OJ, Moon SK, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2021)
Anti-inflammatory shift Immune Change
65 subjects Participants

Summary

Acupuncture treatment was administered for 8 weeks to 65 patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis, and immune cells and cytokines in joint fluid were analyzed. After acupuncture treatment, M2 macrophage proportion in joint fluid increased and IL-10 increased, showing an anti-inflammatory immune shift.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture treatment improves knee osteoarthritis by shifting the intra-articular immune environment toward an anti-inflammatory direction.

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Before-After Knee Pain

Effect of Chuna Therapy in Meniscal Injury Patients: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Shin BC, Kim MR, Park EH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2022)

79% Locking Reduction Rate
48 subjects Participants

Chuna therapy is effective for relieving mechanical symptoms of meniscal injury.

View Source 2022
Before-After Knee Pain

Effect of Chuna Therapy in Meniscal Injury Patients: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Shin BC, Kim MR, Park EH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2022)
79% Locking Reduction Rate
48 subjects Participants

Summary

Chuna therapy was administered for 8 weeks to 48 patients with knee locking and instability symptoms due to meniscal injury. Joint locking frequency decreased from an average of 5.2 times per week to 1.1 times, and Lysholm scores improved significantly.

Key Conclusion

Chuna therapy is effective for relieving mechanical symptoms of meniscal injury.

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