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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 46 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Animal Study on the Protective Effect of Gyeongokgo Against Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Injury

Shin NR, Ko JW, Park JH, et al.

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (2024)

Lung inflammation 52% reduction Anti-Inflammatory Effect
SOD activity 38% increase Antioxidant Effect

Gyeongokgo exerts protective effects against particulate matter-induced lung injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.

View Source 2024
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Animal Study on the Protective Effect of Gyeongokgo Against Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Injury

Shin NR, Ko JW, Park JH, et al. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (2024)
Lung inflammation 52% reduction Anti-Inflammatory Effect
SOD activity 38% increase Antioxidant Effect

Summary

The effect of Gyeongokgo administration on lung tissue inflammation and oxidative stress was investigated in a PM2.5-exposed mouse model. Reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and increased antioxidant enzyme activity in lung tissue were confirmed.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo exerts protective effects against particulate matter-induced lung injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.

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Cross-Sectional Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pharmacokinetic Properties and Bioavailability Enhancement of Honey-Based Herbal Formulations: Focus on Gyeongokgo

Chung SY, Kang BK, Watanabe M, et al.

Phytomedicine (2023)

Cmax 47% increase Peak Plasma Concentration Enhancement
AUC 1.8-fold Bioavailability Increase

Honey serves not only as an excipient in Gyeongokgo but also functionally enhances the bioavailability of major active components.

View Source 2023
Cross-Sectional Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pharmacokinetic Properties and Bioavailability Enhancement of Honey-Based Herbal Formulations: Focus on Gyeongokgo

Chung SY, Kang BK, Watanabe M, et al. Phytomedicine (2023)
Cmax 47% increase Peak Plasma Concentration Enhancement
AUC 1.8-fold Bioavailability Increase

Summary

The pharmacokinetic role of honey in Gyeongokgo formulation was analyzed. Intestinal absorption rates of ginseng saponins and Rehmannia iridoid glycosides were significantly increased when combined with honey.

Key Conclusion

Honey serves not only as an excipient in Gyeongokgo but also functionally enhances the bioavailability of major active components.

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RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo on Academic Fatigue and Cognitive Function in Examinees: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Ahn YC, Son CG, Kim TH, et al.

Integrative Medicine Research (2024)

60 subjects Participants
Attention 22% improvement Cognitive Improvement
8 weeks Administration Period

Gyeongokgo may help reduce academic fatigue and maintain cognitive function in examinees.

View Source 2024
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo on Academic Fatigue and Cognitive Function in Examinees: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Ahn YC, Son CG, Kim TH, et al. Integrative Medicine Research (2024)
60 subjects Participants
Attention 22% improvement Cognitive Improvement
8 weeks Administration Period

Summary

Sixty third-year high school students preparing for the college entrance exam were assigned to a Gyeongokgo group or placebo group and observed for 8 weeks. The Gyeongokgo group showed significantly higher scores on attention (CPT) and memory tests.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo may help reduce academic fatigue and maintain cognitive function in examinees.

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Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Role of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Rehmannia Extract in Gyeongokgo Efficacy

Yang SH, Moon PD, Choi IH, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022)

iNOS 58% inhibition Anti-Inflammatory Effect
DPPH IC50 23.4μg/mL Antioxidant Activity

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Rehmannia constitute one of the core mechanisms supporting the yin-tonifying efficacy of Gyeongokgo.

View Source 2022
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Role of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Rehmannia Extract in Gyeongokgo Efficacy

Yang SH, Moon PD, Choi IH, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022)
iNOS 58% inhibition Anti-Inflammatory Effect
DPPH IC50 23.4μg/mL Antioxidant Activity

Summary

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Rehmannia were evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Dose-dependent inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression and DPPH radical scavenging capacity were confirmed.

Key Conclusion

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Rehmannia constitute one of the core mechanisms supporting the yin-tonifying efficacy of Gyeongokgo.

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Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Systematic Review of Pulmonary Function Improvement in COPD Patients Treated with Gyeongokgo

Hwang JH, Kang MS, Li X, et al.

COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2023)

12 studies Included Studies
842 subjects Total Participants
FEV1 8.3% improvement Pulmonary Function Improvement

Adjunctive Gyeongokgo administration showed significant improvement in pulmonary function indices and exercise tolerance in COPD patients.

View Source 2023
Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Systematic Review of Pulmonary Function Improvement in COPD Patients Treated with Gyeongokgo

Hwang JH, Kang MS, Li X, et al. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2023)
12 studies Included Studies
842 subjects Total Participants
FEV1 8.3% improvement Pulmonary Function Improvement

Summary

A systematic analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials investigating the adjunctive effect of Gyeongokgo for COPD patients. FEV1/FVC ratio, 6-minute walk distance, and CAT scores were comprehensively evaluated.

Key Conclusion

Adjunctive Gyeongokgo administration showed significant improvement in pulmonary function indices and exercise tolerance in COPD patients.

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RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Cognitive Function and Anti-Aging Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Jung IC, Cho KH, Park SJ, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2024)

22% Cognitive function improvement rate
100 patients Participants

Gyeongokgo is an effective Korean medicine tonifying prescription for cognitive function maintenance and anti-aging in middle-aged and older adults.

View Source 2024
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Cognitive Function and Anti-Aging Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Jung IC, Cho KH, Park SJ, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2024)
22% Cognitive function improvement rate
100 patients Participants

Summary

A randomized controlled trial comparing Gyeongokgo and placebo for 12 weeks in 100 adults aged 55 and older. The Gyeongokgo group showed significant improvements in cognitive function tests (MMSE, MoCA) and oxidative stress indicators.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo is an effective Korean medicine tonifying prescription for cognitive function maintenance and anti-aging in middle-aged and older adults.

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Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pulmonary Function Improvement and Quality of Life Enhancement Effects of Gyeongokgo in Chronic Lung Disease Patients

Shin JM, Choi YJ, Hwang DS, et al.

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2023)

8.2% FEV1 Improvement
52m Walk Distance Increase
41% Quality of Life Improvement

Gyeongokgo improves pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic lung disease, with clinical confirmation of its efficacy as a respiratory tonic.

View Source 2023
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pulmonary Function Improvement and Quality of Life Enhancement Effects of Gyeongokgo in Chronic Lung Disease Patients

Shin JM, Choi YJ, Hwang DS, et al. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2023)
8.2% FEV1 Improvement
52m Walk Distance Increase
41% Quality of Life Improvement

Summary

A pre-post comparison study administering Gyeongokgo for 12 weeks to 74 patients with mild-to-moderate COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) improved by an average of 8.2%, and 6-minute walk distance increased by 52m. CAT (COPD Assessment Test) scores improved by 41%, indicating significant enhancement of respiratory-related quality of life.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo improves pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic lung disease, with clinical confirmation of its efficacy as a respiratory tonic.

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Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Systematic Review of Anti-Aging Effects of Gyeongokgo: Focus on Telomere and Cellular Senescence Markers

Cho WK, Nam JH, Kim TH, et al.

Aging Cell (2022)

28% Skin Elasticity Improvement
18 studies Studies Analyzed
Telomerase Key Mechanism

Gyeongokgo exerts anti-aging effects through telomere protection and improved vascular function, providing modern pharmacological evidence for its traditional nourishing and lung-moistening properties.

View Source 2022
Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Systematic Review of Anti-Aging Effects of Gyeongokgo: Focus on Telomere and Cellular Senescence Markers

Cho WK, Nam JH, Kim TH, et al. Aging Cell (2022)
28% Skin Elasticity Improvement
18 studies Studies Analyzed
Telomerase Key Mechanism

Summary

A systematic review of 18 basic and clinical studies evaluating the anti-aging effects of Gyeongokgo. Catalpol from Rehmannia and ginsenoside Rg1 from ginseng promoted telomerase activity, demonstrating cellular lifespan extension. In clinical studies, the Gyeongokgo group showed a 28% improvement in skin elasticity and significant enhancement of vascular endothelial function.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo exerts anti-aging effects through telomere protection and improved vascular function, providing modern pharmacological evidence for its traditional nourishing and lung-moistening properties.

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RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Respiratory Immune Enhancement and Mucosal Protection Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee HY, Kim JW, Park YC, et al.

Phytomedicine (2023)

61% Cold Incidence Reduction
44% Mucosal IgA Increase
12 weeks Treatment Duration

Gyeongokgo enhances respiratory mucosal immunity and significantly reduces recurrent infections, providing scientific validation of its traditional lung and bronchial tonifying effects.

View Source 2023
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Respiratory Immune Enhancement and Mucosal Protection Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee HY, Kim JW, Park YC, et al. Phytomedicine (2023)
61% Cold Incidence Reduction
44% Mucosal IgA Increase
12 weeks Treatment Duration

Summary

A randomized controlled trial comparing 12 weeks of Gyeongokgo administration with placebo in 92 patients with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. The Gyeongokgo group showed an average 61% reduction in cold incidence and a 44% increase in bronchial mucosal IgA secretion, confirming respiratory immune enhancement. Throat dryness also significantly improved.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo enhances respiratory mucosal immunity and significantly reduces recurrent infections, providing scientific validation of its traditional lung and bronchial tonifying effects.

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Cohort Study Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Anti-Fatigue and Immune Modulation Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Prospective Cohort Study

Cho HJ, Yang SB, Ryu KH et al.

대한한방내과학회지 (2024)

42% Fatigue Reduction
+35% NK Cell Activity Increase
+28 points Quality of Life Improvement

The Gyeongokgo group showed a 42% reduction in Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score from baseline, with significantly increased NK cell activity (p<0.01).

2024
Cohort Study Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Anti-Fatigue and Immune Modulation Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Prospective Cohort Study

Cho HJ, Yang SB, Ryu KH et al. 대한한방내과학회지 (2024)
42% Fatigue Reduction
+35% NK Cell Activity Increase
+28 points Quality of Life Improvement

Summary

Tracking observation of fatigue and immune marker changes after 12 weeks of Gyeongokgo administration in 80 chronic fatigue patients.

Key Conclusion

The Gyeongokgo group showed a 42% reduction in Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score from baseline, with significantly increased NK cell activity (p<0.01).

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