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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 35 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Pain Suppression Mechanism of Gwanjeoldan in Osteoarthritis: NF-κB Pathway Modulation Study

Chae BY, Lim SC, Yoon HJ, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)

NF-κB Inhibition Major Mechanism
COX-2 Reduction Adjunctive Mechanism
in vitro/vivo Study Model

The anti-inflammatory effect of Gwanjeoldan is mediated by NF-κB pathway inhibition, providing scientific evidence for osteoarthritis treatment.

View Source 2023
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Pain Suppression Mechanism of Gwanjeoldan in Osteoarthritis: NF-κB Pathway Modulation Study

Chae BY, Lim SC, Yoon HJ, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)
NF-κB Inhibition Major Mechanism
COX-2 Reduction Adjunctive Mechanism
in vitro/vivo Study Model

Summary

NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition effects of Gwanjeoldan extract were evaluated in vitro and animal models. Gwanjeoldan inhibited NF-κB activation and reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects.

Key Conclusion

The anti-inflammatory effect of Gwanjeoldan is mediated by NF-κB pathway inhibition, providing scientific evidence for osteoarthritis treatment.

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Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Shoulder Exercise for Shoulder Joint Pain: A Cohort Study

Lim JA, Kim KW, Song MY, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2022)

78.2% Combination Group Improvement
105 subjects Participants
12 weeks Follow-up Period

Combined Gwanjeoldan and shoulder exercise promotes functional recovery in shoulder joint pain patients.

View Source 2022
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Shoulder Exercise for Shoulder Joint Pain: A Cohort Study

Lim JA, Kim KW, Song MY, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2022)
78.2% Combination Group Improvement
105 subjects Participants
12 weeks Follow-up Period

Summary

Among shoulder joint pain patients, the Gwanjeoldan plus exercise group (55) and exercise monotherapy group (50) were followed for 12 weeks. The combination group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in shoulder ROM, VAS, and SPADI scores.

Key Conclusion

Combined Gwanjeoldan and shoulder exercise promotes functional recovery in shoulder joint pain patients.

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Cross-Sectional Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Korean Medicine Treatment Satisfaction and Healthcare Utilization Patterns in Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Go HY, Kim SJ, Baik TH, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2020)

4.1/5 Patient Satisfaction
380 subjects Participants
Herbal+Acupuncture Most Preferred Treatment

High Korean medicine treatment satisfaction in arthritis patients was confirmed, with preference for combined treatment.

View Source 2020
Cross-Sectional Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Korean Medicine Treatment Satisfaction and Healthcare Utilization Patterns in Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Go HY, Kim SJ, Baik TH, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2020)
4.1/5 Patient Satisfaction
380 subjects Participants
Herbal+Acupuncture Most Preferred Treatment

Summary

Three hundred eighty patients visiting Korean medicine clinics for arthritis were surveyed on treatment satisfaction, treatment types, and healthcare utilization patterns. Overall satisfaction was 4.1/5, with the highest satisfaction observed for combined herbal medicine plus acupuncture treatment.

Key Conclusion

High Korean medicine treatment satisfaction in arthritis patients was confirmed, with preference for combined treatment.

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RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

MRI-Based Cartilage Thickness Change Evaluation of Gwanjeoldan in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Heo DS, Ahn YC, Nam SS, et al.

Phytomedicine (2024)

Cartilage Preservation MRI Findings
76 subjects Participants
24 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan inhibits cartilage degeneration at a structural level in knee osteoarthritis patients.

View Source 2024
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

MRI-Based Cartilage Thickness Change Evaluation of Gwanjeoldan in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Heo DS, Ahn YC, Nam SS, et al. Phytomedicine (2024)
Cartilage Preservation MRI Findings
76 subjects Participants
24 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Seventy-six knee osteoarthritis patients were divided into Gwanjeoldan (38) and placebo (38) groups, with cartilage thickness measured by MRI after 24 weeks of treatment. Cartilage thickness reduction was significantly inhibited in the Gwanjeoldan group.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan inhibits cartilage degeneration at a structural level in knee osteoarthritis patients.

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Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Systematic Review of Chuna Manipulation Effects in Joint Diseases

Han SY, Moon SK, Jung WS, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021)

72.4% Pain Improvement Rate
1968 subjects Total Participants
24 papers Analyzed Papers

Chuna manipulation is an effective Korean medicine manual therapy for pain management and functional recovery in joint diseases.

View Source 2021
Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Systematic Review of Chuna Manipulation Effects in Joint Diseases

Han SY, Moon SK, Jung WS, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021)
72.4% Pain Improvement Rate
1968 subjects Total Participants
24 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Twenty-four clinical trials (1,968 subjects total) were systematically analyzed to evaluate chuna manipulation effects in joint diseases. The chuna treatment group showed significant improvements in joint pain, range of motion, and functional scores.

Key Conclusion

Chuna manipulation is an effective Korean medicine manual therapy for pain management and functional recovery in joint diseases.

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Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Gait Analysis-Based Effect Evaluation of Gwanjeoldan for Osteoarthritis Patients: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Eom TK, Jung HJ, Kim MR, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2023)

18.5% Walking Speed Improvement
40 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan is objectively effective in walking function improvement in osteoarthritis patients.

View Source 2023
Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Gait Analysis-Based Effect Evaluation of Gwanjeoldan for Osteoarthritis Patients: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Eom TK, Jung HJ, Kim MR, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2023)
18.5% Walking Speed Improvement
40 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Forty patients with knee osteoarthritis received Gwanjeoldan for 12 weeks, with gait pattern changes evaluated using 3D gait analysis equipment. After treatment, significant improvements were observed in walking speed, stride length, and knee flexion angle.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan is objectively effective in walking function improvement in osteoarthritis patients.

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Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Meta-analysis of Korean Medicine Treatment for Polyarticular Pain in Elderly Patients

Son CG, Cho SY, Baek YH, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2020)

65.8% Pain Improvement Rate
1542 subjects Total Participants
18 papers Analyzed Papers

Korean medicine treatment is a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with polyarticular pain.

View Source 2020
Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Meta-analysis of Korean Medicine Treatment for Polyarticular Pain in Elderly Patients

Son CG, Cho SY, Baek YH, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2020)
65.8% Pain Improvement Rate
1542 subjects Total Participants
18 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Eighteen herbal medicine treatment effect studies (1,542 subjects total) for polyarticular pain in patients aged 65 or older were meta-analyzed. The herbal treatment group showed significant improvements in pain VAS, joint function, and quality of life.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment is a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with polyarticular pain.

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Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Analysis of Inflammatory Mediator Changes in Synovial Fluid Before and After Gwanjeoldan Administration

Woo CH, Lee SH, Kim JB, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)

38.5% IL-1β Reduction Rate
32 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan effectively suppresses inflammatory mediators in synovial fluid, demonstrating cartilage protective effects.

View Source 2022
Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Analysis of Inflammatory Mediator Changes in Synovial Fluid Before and After Gwanjeoldan Administration

Woo CH, Lee SH, Kim JB, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)
38.5% IL-1β Reduction Rate
32 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Synovial fluid was collected before and after Gwanjeoldan administration in 32 knee osteoarthritis patients to compare IL-1β, MMP-3, and COMP levels. All inflammatory mediator levels significantly decreased 8 weeks after administration.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan effectively suppresses inflammatory mediators in synovial fluid, demonstrating cartilage protective effects.

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RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Herbal Medicine and Exercise Program for Knee Joint Degeneration Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Ryu JH, Moon PD, Cho CS, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

82.1% Combination Group Improvement
112 subjects Participants
16 weeks Treatment Period

The combined herbal medicine and exercise program demonstrates synergistic effects in knee joint degeneration prevention and functional improvement.

View Source 2024
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Herbal Medicine and Exercise Program for Knee Joint Degeneration Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Ryu JH, Moon PD, Cho CS, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
82.1% Combination Group Improvement
112 subjects Participants
16 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

One hundred twelve patients with early knee joint degeneration were divided into herbal medicine plus exercise (56) and exercise monotherapy (56) groups for 16 weeks of treatment. The combination group showed significantly greater improvements in quadriceps strength, joint range of motion, and WOMAC scores.

Key Conclusion

The combined herbal medicine and exercise program demonstrates synergistic effects in knee joint degeneration prevention and functional improvement.

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Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Systematic Review of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Pharmacopuncture for Arthritis Patients

Nam DW, Ryu BH, Kim EH, et al.

Phytomedicine (2021)

69.3% Pain Reduction Rate
1124 subjects Total Participants
15 papers Analyzed Papers

Pharmacopuncture is an effective complementary treatment for arthritis pain and inflammation management.

View Source 2021
Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Systematic Review of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Pharmacopuncture for Arthritis Patients

Nam DW, Ryu BH, Kim EH, et al. Phytomedicine (2021)
69.3% Pain Reduction Rate
1124 subjects Total Participants
15 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Fifteen clinical trials (1,124 subjects total) were analyzed to evaluate pharmacopuncture (bee venom, wild ginseng, Coptis pharmacopuncture, etc.) effects in arthritis patients. The pharmacopuncture group showed significant reductions in joint pain and edema.

Key Conclusion

Pharmacopuncture is an effective complementary treatment for arthritis pain and inflammation management.

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Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Long-term Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Osteoarthritis of the Hip: A 3-Year Follow-up Cohort Study

Shin MJ, Baek SY, Lim BW, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)

68.7% Functional Score Improvement
120 subjects Participants
3 years Follow-up Period

Long-term herbal medicine treatment is effective in functional preservation and reducing analgesic dependence in osteoarthritis of the hip patients.

View Source 2023
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Long-term Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Osteoarthritis of the Hip: A 3-Year Follow-up Cohort Study

Shin MJ, Baek SY, Lim BW, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)
68.7% Functional Score Improvement
120 subjects Participants
3 years Follow-up Period

Summary

Among osteoarthritis of the hip patients, those who continued herbal medicine treatment (62) and those taking only conventional medication (58) were followed for 3 years. The herbal treatment group demonstrated significant improvements in Harris Hip Score and analgesic usage.

Key Conclusion

Long-term herbal medicine treatment is effective in functional preservation and reducing analgesic dependence in osteoarthritis of the hip patients.

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RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Adjunctive Treatment Effect of Gwanjeoldan for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwon JW, Lee DY, Ahn CB, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2022)

DAS28 Improvement Major Effect
86 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan can be utilized as adjunctive treatment to standard therapy for rheumatoid arthritis to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

View Source 2022
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Adjunctive Treatment Effect of Gwanjeoldan for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwon JW, Lee DY, Ahn CB, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2022)
DAS28 Improvement Major Effect
86 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Eighty-six rheumatoid arthritis patients were divided into standard treatment plus Gwanjeoldan (43) and standard treatment monotherapy (43) groups for 12 weeks of treatment. The Gwanjeoldan combination group showed significantly greater improvements in DAS28, tender joint count, and ESR.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan can be utilized as adjunctive treatment to standard therapy for rheumatoid arthritis to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

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