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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 45 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Systematic Review Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Neuroprotective Effects and Cerebral Blood Flow Improvement Mechanisms of Musk: A Systematic Review

Won JH, Lim SM, Park HJ, et al.

Phytomedicine (2021)

22 papers Analyzed Papers
BBB Modulation Major Mechanism
Cerebral Flow Increase Clinical Effect

Musk is effective for neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement, supporting its role as a core constituent of Gongjindan.

View Source 2021
Systematic Review Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Neuroprotective Effects and Cerebral Blood Flow Improvement Mechanisms of Musk: A Systematic Review

Won JH, Lim SM, Park HJ, et al. Phytomedicine (2021)
22 papers Analyzed Papers
BBB Modulation Major Mechanism
Cerebral Flow Increase Clinical Effect

Summary

Twenty-two basic and clinical studies on neuroprotective and cerebral blood flow improvement effects of musk were systematically analyzed. Musk demonstrated effects on BBB permeability modulation, increased cerebral blood flow, and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.

Key Conclusion

Musk is effective for neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement, supporting its role as a core constituent of Gongjindan.

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Cross-Sectional Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Exercise Performance Enhancement Effect of Gongjindan: A Cross-Sectional Study in Elite Athletes

Bae SH, Kim WI, Choi ES, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2023)

8.7% VO2max Improvement
75 subjects Participants
p=0.012 Endurance Significance

Regular Gongjindan administration positively influences physical fitness and exercise performance enhancement in athletes.

View Source 2023
Cross-Sectional Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Exercise Performance Enhancement Effect of Gongjindan: A Cross-Sectional Study in Elite Athletes

Bae SH, Kim WI, Choi ES, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2023)
8.7% VO2max Improvement
75 subjects Participants
p=0.012 Endurance Significance

Summary

Physical fitness tests and exercise performance were compared between elite athletes regularly taking Gongjindan (35) and non-takers (40). VO2max, muscular endurance, and recovery rate were significantly higher in the Gongjindan group.

Key Conclusion

Regular Gongjindan administration positively influences physical fitness and exercise performance enhancement in athletes.

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Before-After Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Effect of Gongjindan for Postpartum Physical Strength Recovery: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Yun YJ, Lee MJ, Kang SH, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)

73.5% Fatigue Improvement Rate
48 subjects Participants
6 weeks Treatment Period

Gongjindan is an effective tonic prescription for postpartum physical strength recovery and anemia improvement.

View Source 2022
Before-After Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Effect of Gongjindan for Postpartum Physical Strength Recovery: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Yun YJ, Lee MJ, Kang SH, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)
73.5% Fatigue Improvement Rate
48 subjects Participants
6 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Forty-eight postpartum mothers complaining of fatigue and physical weakness received Gongjindan for 6 weeks. Significant improvements were observed in FSS scores and serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan is an effective tonic prescription for postpartum physical strength recovery and anemia improvement.

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RCT Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Cognitive Function Improvement Effect of Gongjindan: Randomized Controlled Trial in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients

Chung SY, Kim JH, Park YC, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

3.2 points MMSE Score Improvement
72 subjects Participants
p=0.001 MoCA Significance

Gongjindan is effective in improving cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment patients and may contribute to dementia prevention.

View Source 2024
RCT Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Cognitive Function Improvement Effect of Gongjindan: Randomized Controlled Trial in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients

Chung SY, Kim JH, Park YC, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
3.2 points MMSE Score Improvement
72 subjects Participants
p=0.001 MoCA Significance

Summary

Seventy-two patients with mild cognitive impairment were divided into Gongjindan (36) and placebo (36) groups for 12 weeks of treatment. Significant improvements were observed in MMSE, MoCA scores, and working memory tests in the treatment group.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan is effective in improving cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment patients and may contribute to dementia prevention.

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Case Study Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Experimental Study on Chondrocyte Protection and Growth Factor Secretion Effects of Deer Antler

Jeong MJ, Lee GH, Bae JS, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2019)

38.4% Cell Survival Increase
IGF-1 Major Growth Factor
in vitro Study Type

Deer antler protects chondrocytes and promotes growth factor secretion, contributing to joint and tissue regeneration.

View Source 2019
Case Study Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Experimental Study on Chondrocyte Protection and Growth Factor Secretion Effects of Deer Antler

Jeong MJ, Lee GH, Bae JS, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2019)
38.4% Cell Survival Increase
IGF-1 Major Growth Factor
in vitro Study Type

Summary

The effect of deer antler extract on chondrocyte survival, proliferation, and growth factor (IGF-1, TGF-β) secretion was evaluated in vitro. Chondrocyte survival increased dose-dependently, with IGF-1 secretion promoted.

Key Conclusion

Deer antler protects chondrocytes and promotes growth factor secretion, contributing to joint and tissue regeneration.

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Before-After Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Heart Rate Variability Analysis of Autonomic Function Changes Following Gongjindan Administration

Son JY, Hong SH, Kim CH, et al.

Phytomedicine (2022)

27.8% SDNN Increase Rate
64 subjects Participants
4 weeks Treatment Period

Gongjindan is effective in restoring autonomic balance and contributes to alleviation of stress-related symptoms.

View Source 2022
Before-After Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Heart Rate Variability Analysis of Autonomic Function Changes Following Gongjindan Administration

Son JY, Hong SH, Kim CH, et al. Phytomedicine (2022)
27.8% SDNN Increase Rate
64 subjects Participants
4 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Sixty-four patients with stress-induced autonomic imbalance received Gongjindan for 4 weeks, with heart rate variability (HRV) analyzed. Parasympathetic indicators including SDNN, RMSSD, and HF significantly increased.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan is effective in restoring autonomic balance and contributes to alleviation of stress-related symptoms.

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Cohort Study Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Postoperative Recovery Promotion Effect of Gongjindan: A Prospective Cohort Study

Yoon JH, Kang DW, Lee SH, et al.

Integrative Medicine Research (2023)

48% Appetite Recovery Time Reduction
38% Physical Strength Improvement
126 subjects Participants

Gongjindan significantly accelerates postoperative recovery and contributes to nutritional status restoration and overall physical strength improvement.

View Source 2023
Cohort Study Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Postoperative Recovery Promotion Effect of Gongjindan: A Prospective Cohort Study

Yoon JH, Kang DW, Lee SH, et al. Integrative Medicine Research (2023)
48% Appetite Recovery Time Reduction
38% Physical Strength Improvement
126 subjects Participants

Summary

A prospective cohort study compared recovery progress between Gongjindan and non-treatment groups in 126 patients after major surgery. The Gongjindan group recovered appetite in an average of 2.8 days (vs. 5.4 days in non-treatment), with serum albumin levels normalizing significantly faster. Self-reported physical strength assessment at 1 month post-discharge also showed 38% higher scores in the Gongjindan group.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan significantly accelerates postoperative recovery and contributes to nutritional status restoration and overall physical strength improvement.

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Systematic Review Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Synergistic Effects of Gongjindan Constituents: A Systematic Review

Kim HJ, Choi MK, Lee JH, et al.

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2022)

62% Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Increase
23 studies Analyzed Studies
4 herbs Synergistic Constituents

Combined use of Gongjindan constituents demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory synergistic effects compared to single use, providing pharmacological evidence for the systemic tonic effects of Gongjindan.

View Source 2022
Systematic Review Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Synergistic Effects of Gongjindan Constituents: A Systematic Review

Kim HJ, Choi MK, Lee JH, et al. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2022)
62% Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Increase
23 studies Analyzed Studies
4 herbs Synergistic Constituents

Summary

Twenty-three basic and clinical studies evaluating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Gongjindan's four major constituents (deer antler, musk, Angelica, Cornus officinalis) were systematically reviewed. When pantocrine from deer antler combined with muscone from musk, SOD (antioxidant enzyme) activity increased by 62% compared to single use, with significant reduction in inflammatory markers including TNF-α. Synergistic effects were confirmed when 4 herbs were combined.

Key Conclusion

Combined use of Gongjindan constituents demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory synergistic effects compared to single use, providing pharmacological evidence for the systemic tonic effects of Gongjindan.

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RCT Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Chronic Fatigue and Cognitive Function Improvement Effect of Gongjindan: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Park SJ, Kim SY, Lee BH, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)

47% Fatigue Reduction
3.2 points Cognitive Score Improvement
8 weeks Treatment Period

Gongjindan simultaneously improves chronic fatigue and cognitive decline, with HPA axis normalization-mediated stress hormone modulation effects scientifically confirmed.

View Source 2023
RCT Gongjindan (拱辰丹)

Chronic Fatigue and Cognitive Function Improvement Effect of Gongjindan: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Park SJ, Kim SY, Lee BH, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)
47% Fatigue Reduction
3.2 points Cognitive Score Improvement
8 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Eighty-eight adults with chronic fatigue were compared in a double-blind randomized controlled trial between Gongjindan and placebo groups over 8 weeks. The Gongjindan group demonstrated an average 47% reduction in FSS (Fatigue Severity Scale), with MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) scores improving by 3.2 points. Serum cortisol levels recovered to normal range, confirming HPA axis modulation effects.

Key Conclusion

Gongjindan simultaneously improves chronic fatigue and cognitive decline, with HPA axis normalization-mediated stress hormone modulation effects scientifically confirmed.

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