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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Total 55 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Narrative Review Lower Back Pain

Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review

Cho KS, Lee MH, Jang YS, et al.

Pain Medicine (2024)

32 studies Number of Reviewed Studies
5 categories Major Mechanism Classifications

Electroacupuncture contributes to chronic low back pain relief through various neurophysiological pathways and is establishing itself as an evidence-based treatment option.

View Source 2024
Narrative Review Lower Back Pain

Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review

Cho KS, Lee MH, Jang YS, et al. Pain Medicine (2024)
32 studies Number of Reviewed Studies
5 categories Major Mechanism Classifications

Summary

The antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and muscle relaxant mechanisms of electroacupuncture for chronic low back pain were narratively reviewed. Endorphin secretion, GABA pathway activation, and myofascial tension relief were comprehensively analyzed.

Key Conclusion

Electroacupuncture contributes to chronic low back pain relief through various neurophysiological pathways and is establishing itself as an evidence-based treatment option.

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Case Study Lower Back Pain

Long-Term Follow-Up of Korean Medicine Conservative Treatment to Avoid Surgery in Lumbar Disc Patients: A Case Study

Moon SH, Kim WJ, Ahn DY, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)

80% Surgery Avoidance Rate
15 subjects Number of Participants

Among 15 patients receiving Korean medicine conservative treatment, 12 maintained daily life without surgery one year later, and MRI changes in disc structure were observed.

View Source 2023
Case Study Lower Back Pain

Long-Term Follow-Up of Korean Medicine Conservative Treatment to Avoid Surgery in Lumbar Disc Patients: A Case Study

Moon SH, Kim WJ, Ahn DY, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)
80% Surgery Avoidance Rate
15 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

Korean medicine conservative treatment including herbal medicine, acupuncture, and chuna was administered to 15 lumbar disc patients recommended for surgery. MRI changes, pain levels, and surgery conversion rates were tracked for one year.

Key Conclusion

Among 15 patients receiving Korean medicine conservative treatment, 12 maintained daily life without surgery one year later, and MRI changes in disc structure were observed.

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Cohort Study Lower Back Pain

Early Pain Relief Effect of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture in Acute Low Back Pain Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Shin JH, Han SK, Woo YB, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2022)

48 hours Significant Pain Reduction Time Point
120 subjects Number of Participants

Bee venom pharmacopuncture demonstrated faster effects than conventional acupuncture in early pain relief of acute low back pain.

View Source 2022
Cohort Study Lower Back Pain

Early Pain Relief Effect of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture in Acute Low Back Pain Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Shin JH, Han SK, Woo YB, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2022)
48 hours Significant Pain Reduction Time Point
120 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

One hundred twenty patients with acute low back pain were compared between a bee venom pharmacopuncture group and a conventional acupuncture group. Pain changes were tracked at 72 hours, 1 week, and 4 weeks after treatment initiation.

Key Conclusion

Bee venom pharmacopuncture demonstrated faster effects than conventional acupuncture in early pain relief of acute low back pain.

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Meta-Analysis Lower Back Pain

Effect of Combined Herbal Medicine Therapy on Walking Function in Spinal Stenosis: A Meta-Analysis

Park SH, Yoon JW, Kim MK, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)

43% Walking Distance Improvement
1,180 subjects Number of Participants

Combined herbal medicine therapy demonstrated significant effects on walking distance extension and pain reduction in spinal stenosis patients.

View Source 2023
Meta-Analysis Lower Back Pain

Effect of Combined Herbal Medicine Therapy on Walking Function in Spinal Stenosis: A Meta-Analysis

Park SH, Yoon JW, Kim MK, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)
43% Walking Distance Improvement
1,180 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

The walking function improvement effects of combined herbal medicine therapy (herbal medicine + acupuncture + chuna) were analyzed in spinal stenosis patients. Walking distance, pain, and functional disability index were meta-analyzed across 14 clinical studies.

Key Conclusion

Combined herbal medicine therapy demonstrated significant effects on walking distance extension and pain reduction in spinal stenosis patients.

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RCT Lower Back Pain

Comparison of Acupuncture and Physical Therapy in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee SW, Jung KH, Choi BH, et al.

Spine (2024)

74% Pain Reduction Rate
160 subjects Number of Participants

Acupuncture demonstrated non-inferior effects compared to physical therapy for pain reduction in lumbar disc patients and showed superiority in improving lower extremity radicular pain.

View Source 2024
RCT Lower Back Pain

Comparison of Acupuncture and Physical Therapy in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee SW, Jung KH, Choi BH, et al. Spine (2024)
74% Pain Reduction Rate
160 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

One hundred sixty patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were randomly assigned to an acupuncture group or a physical therapy group. Changes in NRS pain scores, ODI, and lower extremity radicular pain were compared over 12 weeks.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture demonstrated non-inferior effects compared to physical therapy for pain reduction in lumbar disc patients and showed superiority in improving lower extremity radicular pain.

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Systematic Review Lower Back Pain

Effect of Chuna Manipulation in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kim YS, Lee HJ, Park DG, et al.

European Spine Journal (2023)

68% Pain Improvement Rate
2,340 subjects Number of Participants

Chuna manipulation was confirmed to be an effective treatment for pain reduction and functional recovery in patients with chronic low back pain.

View Source 2023
Systematic Review Lower Back Pain

Effect of Chuna Manipulation in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kim YS, Lee HJ, Park DG, et al. European Spine Journal (2023)
68% Pain Improvement Rate
2,340 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

The pain reduction and functional improvement effects of chuna manipulation were systematically analyzed in patients with chronic low back pain. A total of 25 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The chuna manipulation group showed significant improvements in VAS pain scores and ODI functional disability index.

Key Conclusion

Chuna manipulation was confirmed to be an effective treatment for pain reduction and functional recovery in patients with chronic low back pain.

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Systematic Review Lower Back Pain

Systematic Review of Spinal Degenerative Imaging Findings in Asymptomatic Populations

W. Brinjikji, P.H. Luetmer, B. Comstock, B.W. Bresnahan, L.E. Chen, R.A. Deyo, S. Halabi, J.A. Turner, A.L. Avins, K. James, J.T. Wald, D.F. Kallmes, J.G. Jarvik

American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR) (2015)

33 studies, 3,110 subjects Analyzed Studies
Age 20: 37% → Age 80: 96% Disc Degeneration
Age 20: 30% → Age 80: 84% Disc Bulging

Spinal degenerative imaging findings appear at very high rates even in asymptomatic populations, with prevalence sharply rising with age. Therefore, these findings should be regarded as part of the normal aging process and must always be interpreted alongside the patient's clinical symptoms.

View Source 2015
Systematic Review Lower Back Pain

Systematic Review of Spinal Degenerative Imaging Findings in Asymptomatic Populations

W. Brinjikji, P.H. Luetmer, B. Comstock, B.W. Bresnahan, L.E. Chen, R.A. Deyo, S. Halabi, J.A. Turner, A.L. Avins, K. James, J.T. Wald, D.F. Kallmes, J.G. Jarvik American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR) (2015)
33 studies, 3,110 subjects Analyzed Studies
Age 20: 37% → Age 80: 96% Disc Degeneration
Age 20: 30% → Age 80: 84% Disc Bulging
Age 20: 29% → Age 80: 43% Disc Protrusion

Summary

Degenerative findings detected on spinal MRI or CT, such as disc degeneration and disc protrusion, are commonly seen not only in low back pain patients but also in pain-free individuals. This paper systematically organized the age-specific prevalence of spinal degenerative imaging findings in asymptomatic (pain-free) populations to clarify that such findings may not necessarily indicate a pathological condition.

Key Conclusion

Spinal degenerative imaging findings appear at very high rates even in asymptomatic populations, with prevalence sharply rising with age. Therefore, these findings should be regarded as part of the normal aging process and must always be interpreted alongside the patient's clinical symptoms.

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