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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 55 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Systematic Review Lower Back Pain

Effect of Chuna Manipulation in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kim YS, Lee HJ, Park DG, et al.

European Spine Journal (2023)

68% Pain Improvement Rate
2,340 subjects Number of Participants

Chuna manipulation was confirmed to be an effective treatment for pain reduction and functional recovery in patients with chronic low back pain.

View Source 2023
Systematic Review Lower Back Pain

Effect of Chuna Manipulation in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kim YS, Lee HJ, Park DG, et al. European Spine Journal (2023)
68% Pain Improvement Rate
2,340 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

The pain reduction and functional improvement effects of chuna manipulation were systematically analyzed in patients with chronic low back pain. A total of 25 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The chuna manipulation group showed significant improvements in VAS pain scores and ODI functional disability index.

Key Conclusion

Chuna manipulation was confirmed to be an effective treatment for pain reduction and functional recovery in patients with chronic low back pain.

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RCT Lower Back Pain

Comparison of Acupuncture and Physical Therapy in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee SW, Jung KH, Choi BH, et al.

Spine (2024)

74% Pain Reduction Rate
160 subjects Number of Participants

Acupuncture demonstrated non-inferior effects compared to physical therapy for pain reduction in lumbar disc patients and showed superiority in improving lower extremity radicular pain.

View Source 2024
RCT Lower Back Pain

Comparison of Acupuncture and Physical Therapy in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee SW, Jung KH, Choi BH, et al. Spine (2024)
74% Pain Reduction Rate
160 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

One hundred sixty patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were randomly assigned to an acupuncture group or a physical therapy group. Changes in NRS pain scores, ODI, and lower extremity radicular pain were compared over 12 weeks.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture demonstrated non-inferior effects compared to physical therapy for pain reduction in lumbar disc patients and showed superiority in improving lower extremity radicular pain.

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Meta-Analysis Lower Back Pain

Effect of Combined Herbal Medicine Therapy on Walking Function in Spinal Stenosis: A Meta-Analysis

Park SH, Yoon JW, Kim MK, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)

43% Walking Distance Improvement
1,180 subjects Number of Participants

Combined herbal medicine therapy demonstrated significant effects on walking distance extension and pain reduction in spinal stenosis patients.

View Source 2023
Meta-Analysis Lower Back Pain

Effect of Combined Herbal Medicine Therapy on Walking Function in Spinal Stenosis: A Meta-Analysis

Park SH, Yoon JW, Kim MK, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2023)
43% Walking Distance Improvement
1,180 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

The walking function improvement effects of combined herbal medicine therapy (herbal medicine + acupuncture + chuna) were analyzed in spinal stenosis patients. Walking distance, pain, and functional disability index were meta-analyzed across 14 clinical studies.

Key Conclusion

Combined herbal medicine therapy demonstrated significant effects on walking distance extension and pain reduction in spinal stenosis patients.

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Cohort Study Lower Back Pain

Early Pain Relief Effect of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture in Acute Low Back Pain Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Shin JH, Han SK, Woo YB, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2022)

48 hours Significant Pain Reduction Time Point
120 subjects Number of Participants

Bee venom pharmacopuncture demonstrated faster effects than conventional acupuncture in early pain relief of acute low back pain.

View Source 2022
Cohort Study Lower Back Pain

Early Pain Relief Effect of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture in Acute Low Back Pain Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Shin JH, Han SK, Woo YB, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2022)
48 hours Significant Pain Reduction Time Point
120 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

One hundred twenty patients with acute low back pain were compared between a bee venom pharmacopuncture group and a conventional acupuncture group. Pain changes were tracked at 72 hours, 1 week, and 4 weeks after treatment initiation.

Key Conclusion

Bee venom pharmacopuncture demonstrated faster effects than conventional acupuncture in early pain relief of acute low back pain.

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Case Study Lower Back Pain

Long-Term Follow-Up of Korean Medicine Conservative Treatment to Avoid Surgery in Lumbar Disc Patients: A Case Study

Moon SH, Kim WJ, Ahn DY, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)

80% Surgery Avoidance Rate
15 subjects Number of Participants

Among 15 patients receiving Korean medicine conservative treatment, 12 maintained daily life without surgery one year later, and MRI changes in disc structure were observed.

View Source 2023
Case Study Lower Back Pain

Long-Term Follow-Up of Korean Medicine Conservative Treatment to Avoid Surgery in Lumbar Disc Patients: A Case Study

Moon SH, Kim WJ, Ahn DY, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)
80% Surgery Avoidance Rate
15 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

Korean medicine conservative treatment including herbal medicine, acupuncture, and chuna was administered to 15 lumbar disc patients recommended for surgery. MRI changes, pain levels, and surgery conversion rates were tracked for one year.

Key Conclusion

Among 15 patients receiving Korean medicine conservative treatment, 12 maintained daily life without surgery one year later, and MRI changes in disc structure were observed.

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Narrative Review Lower Back Pain

Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review

Cho KS, Lee MH, Jang YS, et al.

Pain Medicine (2024)

32 studies Number of Reviewed Studies
5 categories Major Mechanism Classifications

Electroacupuncture contributes to chronic low back pain relief through various neurophysiological pathways and is establishing itself as an evidence-based treatment option.

View Source 2024
Narrative Review Lower Back Pain

Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review

Cho KS, Lee MH, Jang YS, et al. Pain Medicine (2024)
32 studies Number of Reviewed Studies
5 categories Major Mechanism Classifications

Summary

The antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and muscle relaxant mechanisms of electroacupuncture for chronic low back pain were narratively reviewed. Endorphin secretion, GABA pathway activation, and myofascial tension relief were comprehensively analyzed.

Key Conclusion

Electroacupuncture contributes to chronic low back pain relief through various neurophysiological pathways and is establishing itself as an evidence-based treatment option.

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RCT Lower Back Pain

Effect of Acupotomy in Patients with Sciatica: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwon DH, Seo BK, Nam HJ, et al.

Spine (2023)

79% Pain Improvement Rate
140 subjects Number of Participants

Acupotomy demonstrated superior effects compared to medication for pain reduction and lower extremity functional improvement in sciatica patients.

View Source 2023
RCT Lower Back Pain

Effect of Acupotomy in Patients with Sciatica: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwon DH, Seo BK, Nam HJ, et al. Spine (2023)
79% Pain Improvement Rate
140 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

One hundred forty patients with sciatica were randomly assigned to an acupotomy treatment group or a medication control group. VAS, SLR test, and lower extremity muscle strength were evaluated over 8 weeks.

Key Conclusion

Acupotomy demonstrated superior effects compared to medication for pain reduction and lower extremity functional improvement in sciatica patients.

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Before-After Lower Back Pain

Effect of Combined Chuna Manipulation and Exercise Therapy on Chronic Low Back Pain Recurrence Prevention: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Im CH, Baek SJ, Song HG, et al.

European Spine Journal (2022)

22% 6-Month Recurrence Rate
85 subjects Number of Participants

The combination of chuna manipulation and exercise therapy showed significant effects not only on pain reduction but also on 6-month recurrence rate reduction.

View Source 2022
Before-After Lower Back Pain

Effect of Combined Chuna Manipulation and Exercise Therapy on Chronic Low Back Pain Recurrence Prevention: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Im CH, Baek SJ, Song HG, et al. European Spine Journal (2022)
22% 6-Month Recurrence Rate
85 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

Eighty-five patients with chronic low back pain underwent 12 weeks of combined chuna manipulation and core stabilization exercise. Pain, functional disability, and core muscle strength were evaluated before and after treatment, and recurrence rates were tracked at 6 months.

Key Conclusion

The combination of chuna manipulation and exercise therapy showed significant effects not only on pain reduction but also on 6-month recurrence rate reduction.

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Cross-Sectional Lower Back Pain

Korean Medicine Healthcare Utilization Patterns and Satisfaction Among Low Back Pain Patients: A National Cross-Sectional Survey

Yang MK, Jung BH, Oh SY, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

87% Treatment Satisfaction
1,500 subjects Number of Participants

Satisfaction with Korean medicine care among low back pain patients was high, with the highest preferences shown for acupuncture and chuna manipulation.

View Source 2024
Cross-Sectional Lower Back Pain

Korean Medicine Healthcare Utilization Patterns and Satisfaction Among Low Back Pain Patients: A National Cross-Sectional Survey

Yang MK, Jung BH, Oh SY, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
87% Treatment Satisfaction
1,500 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

Healthcare utilization patterns, treatment satisfaction, and revisit intention were investigated in 1,500 adults who visited Korean medicine institutions for low back pain in the past year. Online surveys and in-person interviews were conducted in parallel.

Key Conclusion

Satisfaction with Korean medicine care among low back pain patients was high, with the highest preferences shown for acupuncture and chuna manipulation.

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Systematic Review Lower Back Pain

Non-Surgical Korean Medicine Treatment for Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review

Ryu KJ, Lee YH, Min DS, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2021)

71% Symptom Improvement Rate
1,650 subjects Number of Participants

Non-surgical Korean medicine treatment is effective for the conservative management of spinal stenosis and can serve as a treatment alternative in pre-surgical stages.

View Source 2021
Systematic Review Lower Back Pain

Non-Surgical Korean Medicine Treatment for Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review

Ryu KJ, Lee YH, Min DS, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2021)
71% Symptom Improvement Rate
1,650 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

The efficacy of non-surgical Korean medicine treatment (herbal medicine, acupuncture, chuna, pharmacopuncture) for spinal stenosis was systematically analyzed. A total of 19 studies were included to evaluate treatment efficacy and safety.

Key Conclusion

Non-surgical Korean medicine treatment is effective for the conservative management of spinal stenosis and can serve as a treatment alternative in pre-surgical stages.

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RCT Lower Back Pain

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture in Lumbar Disc Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chung WK, Bae HJ, Son YJ, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)

41% CRP Reduction Rate
100 subjects Number of Participants

Shinbaro pharmacopuncture demonstrated significant effects in reducing inflammatory markers along with pain improvement in lumbar disc patients.

View Source 2024
RCT Lower Back Pain

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture in Lumbar Disc Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chung WK, Bae HJ, Son YJ, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)
41% CRP Reduction Rate
100 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

One hundred lumbar disc patients were assigned to a Shinbaro pharmacopuncture treatment group or a placebo pharmacopuncture control group. Inflammatory markers including CRP and IL-6, along with pain and functional disability, were evaluated over 8 weeks.

Key Conclusion

Shinbaro pharmacopuncture demonstrated significant effects in reducing inflammatory markers along with pain improvement in lumbar disc patients.

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Meta-Analysis Lower Back Pain

Effect of Acupuncture on Sciatica: A Meta-Analysis

Han YW, Kim SJ, Park BK, et al.

Pain Medicine (2023)

2.8 points VAS Reduction
1,890 subjects Number of Participants

Acupuncture demonstrated effects equivalent to or superior to medication for pain reduction in sciatica patients.

View Source 2023
Meta-Analysis Lower Back Pain

Effect of Acupuncture on Sciatica: A Meta-Analysis

Han YW, Kim SJ, Park BK, et al. Pain Medicine (2023)
2.8 points VAS Reduction
1,890 subjects Number of Participants

Summary

A total of 17 randomized controlled trials analyzing the effect of acupuncture on sciatica were meta-analyzed. VAS scores, lower extremity radicular pain improvement rate, and functional recovery rate were compared between the acupuncture group and the medication control group.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture demonstrated effects equivalent to or superior to medication for pain reduction in sciatica patients.

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